What can domestic rats eat? - briefly
Domesticated rats thrive on a balanced diet of commercial rodent pellets supplemented with small portions of fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins such as cooked egg or low‑fat meat. They must not receive chocolate, caffeine, raw beans, or high‑salt and sugary foods, which are toxic.
What can domestic rats eat? - in detail
Domestic rats thrive on a balanced diet that mimics their natural omnivorous habits while meeting the nutritional needs of a pet. The core of their intake should consist of high‑quality commercial rat pellets, which provide essential proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals in a consistent ratio. Pellets should form the majority of each day’s ration, typically 1–2 g per 100 g of body weight.
Fresh vegetables add fiber, antioxidants, and hydration. Suitable options include:
- Carrots, sliced or grated
- Broccoli florets
- Spinach, kale, or other leafy greens (offered in small amounts to avoid oxalates)
- Bell peppers, cucumber, zucchini
Fruit can be offered sparingly for natural sugars and vitamins. Safe choices are:
- Apple (seedless, core removed)
- Blueberries, strawberries, raspberries
- Banana slices (no more than a few centimeters)
Protein supplements should complement the pellet base. Acceptable sources are:
- Cooked, unseasoned chicken or turkey breast
- Hard‑boiled egg (whole or just the yolk)
- Low‑fat cottage cheese or plain yogurt (in moderation)
- Cooked beans or lentils (well‑rinsed, no added salt)
Occasional treats enrich enrichment and encourage foraging behavior. Recommended treats include:
- Small pieces of unsalted nuts (almonds, peanuts) – limited to a few per week due to high fat
- Whole grain crackers or plain popcorn (no butter or salt)
- Insect protein such as dried mealworms (occasionally)
Foods to avoid entirely are:
- Citrus fruits (acidic irritation)
- Onions, garlic, chives (toxic compounds)
- Chocolate, caffeine, alcohol (highly toxic)
- Processed meats, salty snacks, sugary candies (excess sodium and sugar)
- Avocado (persin toxin)
- Raw potatoes or green tomato skins (solanine)
Water must be fresh, clean, and available at all times. A bottle with a metal spout reduces contamination; glass dishes should be changed daily.
Monitoring body condition is essential. Adjust portion sizes if the rat gains or loses weight. Replace uneaten fresh food each day to prevent spoilage. By combining a reliable pellet foundation with a variety of safe vegetables, fruits, proteins, and occasional treats, owners can provide a nutritionally complete and stimulating diet for their pet rats.