"Grain" - what is it, definition of the term
The term denotes the edible seed of grasses belonging to the Poaceae family, featuring a hard outer husk and a starchy interior; examples include wheat, barley, oats, and rice, which provide a primary energy source for humans and serve as a common nutritional item for rodents such as rats and mice.
Detailed information
Cereal seeds are the edible reproductive structures of grasses cultivated for human and animal consumption. Primary varieties include wheat, barley, oats, rye, corn, rice, and millet. Each seed consists of a protective husk, a nutrient‑rich endosperm, and a germ containing enzymes, vitamins, and lipids.
Nutritional composition encompasses carbohydrates (primarily starch), proteins (globulins and albumins), dietary fiber, B‑complex vitamins, and trace minerals such as iron, zinc, and magnesium. The proportion of these components varies among species; for example, oats exhibit higher soluble fiber, while corn provides greater lipid content.
Rodent species such as rats and mice exploit cereal seeds as a high‑energy food source. Consumption patterns show a preference for seeds with softer husks and higher carbohydrate density. Feeding trials indicate that a diet comprising 60‑70 % cereal seed material supports rapid growth, reproductive efficiency, and increased litter size in these mammals. However, excessive intake may lead to obesity and metabolic disturbances.
Storage of cereal seeds demands moisture control, temperature regulation, and pest exclusion. Effective practices include:
- Maintaining relative humidity below 14 % to inhibit fungal proliferation.
- Keeping ambient temperature between 10 °C and 15 °C to slow enzymatic degradation.
- Employing airtight containers or sealed silos equipped with rodent‑proof barriers.
- Conducting routine inspections for signs of infestation, such as gnaw marks or droppings.
When contamination occurs, immediate removal of affected portions, thorough cleaning of storage facilities, and application of approved rodent deterrents are essential to preserve seed integrity and prevent further loss.