How should a house be set up for rats? - briefly
Create a secure enclosure with solid flooring, nest boxes, chewable objects, fresh water, and high‑protein food. Keep temperature at 20‑24 °C, provide adequate ventilation, and eliminate any possible escape routes.
How should a house be set up for rats? - in detail
A rat‑friendly dwelling requires a secure enclosure, appropriate substrate, reliable nutrition, constant hydration, environmental control, enrichment, and regular maintenance.
Secure enclosure
- Solid walls and a tight‑fitting lid prevent escape.
- Mesh size no larger than ¼ in (6 mm) blocks passage.
- Locking mechanisms must resist gnawing.
Substrate and bedding
- Use absorbent, dust‑free material such as paper‑based bedding or aspen shavings.
- Provide a depth of 2–3 in (5–7 cm) for nesting.
- Replace soiled bedding weekly to control odor and ammonia.
Nutrition and water
- Offer a balanced commercial rat diet supplemented with fresh fruits, vegetables, and occasional protein.
- Provide a chew‑proof water bottle with a stainless‑steel sipper; check daily for leaks.
Environmental conditions
- Maintain ambient temperature between 65–75 °F (18–24 °C).
- Keep humidity at 40–60 %.
- Ensure 12‑hour light/dark cycle; use low‑intensity lighting to reduce stress.
Enrichment and exercise
- Install climbing structures, tunnels, and platforms made of safe wood or plastic.
- Supply chew toys (untreated wood, cardboard) to wear down teeth.
- Provide a deep, clean sand bath for grooming.
Health monitoring and cleaning
- Conduct weekly health checks: examine fur, eyes, and activity level.
- Clean food bowls and water bottles with hot, soapy water each day.
- Perform a full enclosure sanitation monthly: remove all items, wash with a mild disinfectant, rinse thoroughly, and replace bedding.
Ventilation
- Ensure airflow without drafts; use a vent with a fine mesh to prevent escape while allowing exchange.
By implementing these elements, a home can support rat welfare, promote natural behaviors, and minimize health risks.