Why specifically a rat? - briefly
Rats exhibit physiological and genetic characteristics that closely mirror those of humans, rendering them highly suitable for biomedical investigations. Their brief reproductive cycle, large litters, and extensive behavioral data further streamline experimental design and data collection.
Why specifically a rat? - in detail
Rats are selected for many scientific investigations because they combine biological relevance with practical advantages. Their genome shares approximately 85 % similarity with that of humans, allowing extrapolation of genetic, neurological, and pharmacological findings. The short reproductive cycle—approximately 21 days—enables rapid generation of data across multiple generations, which is essential for studies of inheritance, disease progression, and drug efficacy. Their size permits surgical manipulation and implantation of devices while still fitting within standard laboratory equipment, facilitating precise physiological measurements. Established breeding colonies provide a stable supply of genetically homogeneous individuals, reducing variability and improving statistical power. Extensive historical data on rat physiology, behavior, and response to interventions creates a robust reference framework that accelerates experimental design and interpretation. Cost considerations favor rats over larger mammals; lower feed, housing, and maintenance expenses permit larger sample sizes within budget constraints. Ethical review boards often view rat use as a compromise between scientific necessity and animal welfare, allowing more permissive approval processes compared to higher-order species. These factors collectively make the rat an optimal model for a wide range of biomedical, toxicological, and behavioral research objectives.