What kills rats and mice? - briefly
Anticoagulant rodenticides (e.g., bromadiolone, brodifacoum) induce fatal internal bleeding, while snap traps, electronic devices, and CO₂ fumigation deliver rapid mortality to these pests.
What kills rats and mice? - in detail
Rodent control relies on several categories of agents, each with specific mechanisms and application guidelines.
Chemical rodenticides are divided into anticoagulants, neurotoxins, and metal phosphides. Anticoagulants such as bromadiolone and difenacoum interrupt blood clotting, causing fatal internal bleeding after a single or multiple feedings. First‑generation compounds (warfarin, chlorophacinone) require repeated exposure; second‑generation agents act faster and remain effective at lower concentrations. Neurotoxic products, exemplified by bromethalin, disrupt mitochondrial function, leading to cerebral edema and death within 24–48 hours. Metal phosphides (zinc phosphide, aluminum phosphide) release phosphine gas in the stomach, producing rapid systemic toxicity. All chemical options demand strict adherence to label rates, placement in tamper‑resistant bait stations, and compliance with local regulations to protect non‑target species.
Mechanical methods include snap traps, electronic killers, and live‑capture cages. Snap traps deliver instantaneous blunt force, killing instantly when properly set. Electronic devices apply a high‑voltage discharge, causing immediate cardiac arrest. Live‑capture cages immobilize rodents without injury; captured animals must be euthanized or released according to legal standards. These devices require regular inspection, strategic placement along walls and runways, and baiting with attractive foods (peanut butter, dried fruit).
Biological controls exploit natural predators and pathogens. Predatory mammals (barn owls, feral cats) reduce populations through hunting. Rodent‑specific viruses (e.g., Sendai virus) and bacterial agents (Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis) have limited commercial availability but demonstrate potential for targeted mortality. Integration of predator habitats—nest boxes, perches—enhances effectiveness without chemical exposure.
Environmental and sanitation measures diminish food and shelter, lowering survival rates. Actions include sealing entry points (concrete, steel mesh), removing debris, storing grain in airtight containers, and maintaining dry conditions to deter nesting. Regular waste management and prompt repair of leaks remove essential resources rodents need to thrive.
A comprehensive approach combines these tactics:
- Deploy anticoagulant bait in secured stations, monitoring for consumption.
- Install snap or electronic traps along established pathways.
- Encourage natural predators by providing nesting sites.
- Implement strict sanitation to eliminate attractants.
Selection depends on infestation severity, indoor versus outdoor settings, regulatory constraints, and risk to humans or pets. Proper rotation of rodenticides prevents resistance; periodic assessment ensures continued efficacy.