What can a domestic rat get sick with? - briefly
Domestic rats commonly develop respiratory infections (e.g., Mycoplasma pulmonis), gastrointestinal parasites (such as pinworms), skin infestations (like mites), and various tumors (including mammary adenomas).
What can a domestic rat get sick with? - in detail
Domestic rats are susceptible to a wide range of health problems that can be grouped into infectious agents, parasites, nutritional disorders, environmental injuries, and hereditary conditions. Recognizing the specific ailments allows owners to intervene promptly and reduce mortality.
Infectious diseases
- Mycoplasma pulmonis – causes chronic respiratory disease; symptoms include nasal discharge, sneezing, labored breathing, and weight loss. Transmission occurs through direct contact or aerosolized secretions.
- Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae – secondary bacterial infections that exacerbate respiratory distress. Fever and purulent nasal exudate are common.
- Salmonella spp. – leads to enteritis with diarrhea, dehydration, and lethargy. Fecal shedding spreads the pathogen to other rodents and humans.
- Clostridium perfringens – produces enterotoxins that trigger acute hemorrhagic diarrhea. Rapid fluid loss demands immediate rehydration.
- Rat coronavirus (RCV) – results in epizootic catarrhal enteritis; watery stools and reduced appetite are typical.
Parasitic infestations
- Sarcoptes scabiei (mange mites) – produces intense itching, alopecia, and crusted skin. Infestation spreads by contact with contaminated bedding.
- Ctenocephalides felis (fleas) – cause anemia and skin irritation; infestations often originate from other pets.
- Endoparasites (e.g., Hymenolepis nana, pinworms) – lead to gastrointestinal upset, weight loss, and poor coat condition.
Dermatologic and ocular conditions
- Ringworm (dermatophyte infection) – manifests as circular alopecic patches with scaling. Zoonotic potential requires isolation and antifungal treatment.
- Conjunctivitis – bacterial or viral origin; presents as ocular discharge and swelling. Prompt topical therapy prevents corneal damage.
- Cataracts – age‑related lens opacity; results in gradual vision loss. Surgical removal is rarely performed in small rodents.
Neoplastic diseases
- Fibrosarcoma – aggressive soft‑tissue tumor, often located on the flank or hind limbs; rapid growth and metastasis are typical.
- Mammary adenocarcinoma – appears in females as palpable masses; high metastatic potential to lungs and liver.
- Pituitary adenoma – can cause hormonal imbalances, leading to weight gain, alopecia, and reproductive dysfunction.
Metabolic and organ disorders
- Diabetes mellitus – hyperglycemia, polyuria, and weight loss; insulin therapy and dietary management are required.
- Chronic renal disease – presents with increased water intake, reduced urine concentration, and lethargy. Fluid therapy and renal‑support diets extend survival.
- Hepatocellular carcinoma – causes abdominal distension, jaundice, and decreased appetite.
Dental and skeletal problems
- Malocclusion – overgrown incisors lead to difficulty eating, drooling, and weight loss; regular trimming or provision of appropriate chew materials prevents progression.
- Fractures – result from falls or cage injuries; immobilization and analgesia are essential for healing.
Reproductive issues
- Uterine tumors – common in older females; present as abdominal swelling and reduced grooming.
- Pregnancy toxemia – occurs in late gestation when nutrient intake is insufficient; signs include weakness, hypothermia, and sudden death.
Early detection relies on monitoring weight, coat condition, respiratory sounds, stool consistency, and behavior. Veterinary examination, including radiography, blood work, and microbiological testing, confirms diagnoses. Preventive strategies encompass sterile housing, balanced nutrition, regular health checks, and quarantine of new arrivals.