How to treat an infection in a rat? - briefly
Obtain a bacterial culture, then prescribe a veterinarian‑approved antibiotic at the correct mg/kg dose for the species, adjusting the regimen based on sensitivity results. Provide supportive care—fluid therapy, temperature regulation, and daily observation—to ensure recovery and prevent complications.
How to treat an infection in a rat? - in detail
Treating an infection in a laboratory rat requires systematic assessment, prompt antimicrobial therapy, and supportive care. Begin with a thorough physical examination to identify clinical signs such as lethargy, ruffled fur, weight loss, respiratory distress, or localized swelling. Record body temperature, weight, and hydration status. Collect diagnostic samples—blood for culture and complete blood count, swabs from any open lesions, and, if indicated, urine or fecal specimens. Use aseptic technique to prevent contamination and ensure reliable results.
Select an antimicrobial agent based on likely pathogens and sensitivity data. Empirical choices for common bacterial infections include enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg subcutaneously every 12 hours) or trimethoprim‑sulfamethoxazole (30 mg/kg orally once daily). Adjust dosage according to the rat’s weight and renal or hepatic function. For Gram‑positive infections, ampicillin (20 mg/kg intraperitoneally every 8 hours) is effective. In cases of fungal involvement, administer itraconazole (10 mg/kg orally once daily). Always complete a full therapeutic course, typically 7–10 days, to prevent relapse and resistance.
Supportive measures enhance recovery. Provide warmed, humidified housing to reduce stress and maintain body temperature. Offer high‑calorie, easily digestible food (e.g., nutritionally fortified gel) and ensure constant access to fresh water, possibly supplemented with electrolytes. Administer analgesics such as meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg subcutaneously every 24 hours) to control pain, and consider anti‑inflammatory agents if swelling is significant.
Monitor progress daily. Re‑evaluate weight, temperature, and clinical signs. Repeat blood cultures or lesion swabs after 48–72 hours of therapy to confirm bacterial clearance. If no improvement occurs, reassess the diagnosis, consider alternative pathogens, and adjust antimicrobial coverage accordingly.
Maintain strict biosecurity: isolate the affected animal, disinfect cages and equipment with an appropriate agent (e.g., 70 % ethanol or a quaternary ammonium compound), and employ personal protective equipment to prevent cross‑contamination. Document all observations, treatments, and outcomes in the animal’s health record for future reference and regulatory compliance.