How should rats be properly bred? - briefly
Maintain genetically compatible, unrelated pairs in spacious, well‑ventilated cages with nesting material and stable temperature. Provide a balanced diet, regular health monitoring, and staggered breeding cycles to prevent overpopulation and promote vigorous offspring.
How should rats be properly bred? - in detail
Breeding laboratory or pet rats requires controlled genetics, health monitoring, and environmental management to achieve consistent, healthy litters.
Select breeding pairs based on genetic compatibility and health status. Verify that both animals are free of common pathogens (e.g., Mycoplasma pulmonis, Sendai virus) through quarantine testing. Use a pedigree chart to avoid inbreeding coefficients above 12.5 % and to maintain desired traits.
Provide a nesting environment that encourages maternal behavior. Supply a solid‑surface nest box with shredded paper or aspen bedding, placed in a quiet corner of the cage. Keep temperature at 20‑24 °C and humidity between 40‑60 %. Maintain a 12‑hour light/dark cycle to synchronize reproductive cycles.
Monitor the estrous cycle. Female rats enter estrus every 4‑5 days; vaginal cytology or observation of lordosis can confirm receptivity. Pair the female with a male for 24‑48 hours during this window. Separate the male after mating to prevent aggression and reduce stress.
Nutrition must support gestation and lactation. Offer a diet formulated for breeding rodents, containing 18‑20 % protein, adequate calcium, and omega‑3 fatty acids. Provide fresh water ad libitum and supplement with Vitamin E and selenium during the third trimester.
During gestation (approximately 21‑23 days), avoid cage disturbances. Observe for signs of dystocia, such as prolonged labor or abnormal positioning, and be prepared to intervene with veterinary assistance if necessary.
At birth, allow the dam to care for pups for the first 3 days. Ensure bedding remains dry and clean; replace soiled material daily. Conduct a brief health check on each pup at day 7, noting weight, fur condition, and any congenital abnormalities.
Wean pups at 21 days. Separate males and females into different cages to prevent premature breeding. Continue health surveillance, including monthly fecal examinations and quarterly serology.
Record all data: parental IDs, litter size, birth dates, weaning weights, and any health incidents. Maintain this log for at least two generations to facilitate genetic tracking and improve breeding outcomes.