How can you know if a rat is about to give birth? - briefly
Observe a swollen abdomen, enlarged and pinkish nipples, and intensified nesting behavior, often accompanied by restlessness and vocalizations; these signs usually emerge one to two days before delivery. The combination of physical changes and altered activity reliably indicates imminent parturition.
How can you know if a rat is about to give birth? - in detail
Rats have a gestation period of roughly 21–23 days, so a female approaching parturition will be in the final week of pregnancy. Observable indicators become pronounced as the due date nears.
Physical changes
- Abdomen enlarges noticeably; the belly becomes rounder and the skin may appear stretched.
- Mammary glands develop; the nipples darken and may produce a milky secretion.
- Vulva swells and may show a slight pinkish hue.
Behavioral cues
- The female begins to gather nesting material such as paper, cloth, or shredded bedding.
- She constructs a nest in a quiet corner, often pulling apart the cage liner.
- Activity levels shift: she may become restless, pacing and rearranging the nest, then alternate with periods of prolonged rest.
- Vocalizations increase, especially soft chirps or squeaks when disturbed.
Physiological signs
- Appetite may decline or become erratic; some rats eat less in the hours before delivery.
- Urination frequency rises as the bladder is compressed by the growing pups.
- Body temperature can drop slightly, detectable with a gentle rectal probe (normal rat temperature is 37–38 °C).
Timing and monitoring
- Record the date of mating; subtract 21 days to estimate the expected delivery window.
- Weigh the female daily; a sudden weight plateau or modest loss often precedes birth.
- Observe the nest for signs of impending labor, such as the female arranging the material into a tight cup shape.
When these signs converge—abdominal swelling, developed mammae, active nest building, reduced food intake, and altered behavior—it is highly probable that the rat is about to give birth. Continuous observation during the estimated window ensures readiness to provide a calm environment and intervene only if complications arise.