Do rats get a cold and how is it treated? - briefly
Rats can develop respiratory infections that manifest like a human cold. Treatment consists of maintaining warmth and hydration and, if a bacterial component is identified, administering veterinary‑prescribed antibiotics or supportive care.
Do rats get a cold and how is it treated? - in detail
Rats are susceptible to viral and bacterial respiratory infections that resemble the common cold in humans. The agents most frequently involved are murine coronavirus (MHV), Sendai virus, and various strains of Streptococcus and Pasteurella. Infection typically spreads through aerosolized droplets, contaminated bedding, or direct contact with infected animals.
Clinical signs appear within 2–5 days after exposure and include nasal discharge, sneezing, ocular secretions, mild fever, reduced activity, and occasional wheezing. In severe cases, rats may develop pneumonia, weight loss, and dehydration.
Diagnosis relies on observation of symptoms combined with laboratory confirmation. Methods include:
- Nasal swab or lavage for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of viral RNA.
- Bacterial culture from respiratory secretions.
- Radiographic imaging to assess lung involvement.
- Complete blood count to identify leukocytosis or neutrophilia.
Treatment protocols differ according to the identified pathogen:
- Viral infections – No specific antiviral drugs are approved for rodents. Supportive care is essential: maintain ambient temperature, ensure easy access to fresh water, and provide high‑calorie, palatable food. In experimental settings, interferon‑alpha or ribavirin may be used off‑label under veterinary supervision.
- Bacterial infections – Empirical therapy with broad‑spectrum antibiotics such as enrofloxacin, trimethoprim‑sulfamethoxazole, or doxycycline is common. Culture‑guided selection improves outcomes and reduces resistance risk.
- Adjunctive measures – Nebulized saline can alleviate nasal congestion. Analgesics (e.g., meloxicam) address discomfort, while anti‑inflammatory agents reduce airway swelling.
Prevention focuses on environmental hygiene and colony management:
- Replace bedding weekly and disinfect cages with a 10 % bleach solution.
- Quarantine new arrivals for at least two weeks, monitoring for respiratory signs.
- Provide adequate ventilation to limit aerosol buildup.
- Use barrier methods (gloves, masks) when handling animals during an outbreak.
Prognosis is favorable for mild cases with prompt supportive care; untreated severe infections may lead to mortality rates of 20–30 % in laboratory colonies. Continuous health monitoring and rapid response to symptoms are critical for maintaining rat welfare and experimental integrity.