"Albino" - what is it, definition of the term
The designation «Albino» identifies a genetic condition characterized by the absence or severe reduction of melanin pigment, producing white or pale fur, pinkish or red eyes, and often heightened visual sensitivity; this phenotype appears in various species, including laboratory and wild rodents such as rats and mice, where it serves as a model for studying pigment synthesis pathways and associated physiological effects.
Detailed information
The hypopigmented condition in rodents results from mutations that disrupt melanin synthesis. In laboratory strains, the mutation commonly affects the tyrosinase gene, eliminating enzymatic activity required for pigment production. Affected individuals display white fur, pinkish skin, and red‑visible eyes due to underlying blood vessels.
Genetic inheritance follows an autosomal recessive pattern. Two carriers produce a 25 % chance of offspring expressing the phenotype, a 50 % chance of carriers, and a 25 % chance of normal pigmentation. Homozygous mutants lack functional melanin, while heterozygotes retain typical coloration.
Health implications include increased sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, heightened risk of ocular abnormalities such as cataracts and retinal degeneration, and impaired thermoregulation because of reduced fur density. Nutritional requirements mirror those of pigmented counterparts, but supplemental vitamin A may mitigate ocular issues.
In research, the condition serves as a visual marker for genetic studies, transgenic experiments, and behavioral testing. Its conspicuous phenotype simplifies identification of breeding outcomes and facilitates tracking of gene‑editing procedures.
Care considerations:
- Provide low‑light housing to protect eyes.
- Use bedding that minimizes skin irritation.
- Monitor for signs of cataract development.
- Ensure temperature stability to offset reduced insulation.
The phenotype also influences social behavior; individuals may experience altered dominance hierarchies due to visual differences. Understanding these factors is essential for maintaining colony health and experimental reliability.