Why does a domestic rat have mange? - briefly
Mange in a pet rat results from infestation by the Sarcoptes scabiei mite, which penetrates the skin and causes severe itching and alopecia. Risk factors include inadequate sanitation, exposure to other infested animals, and compromised immunity.
Why does a domestic rat have mange? - in detail
Mange in pet rats results from infestation by microscopic mites, most commonly Sarcoptes scabiei var. muris or Notoedres muris. These ectoparasites burrow into the epidermis, provoking intense pruritus, hair loss, and crusted skin lesions. Infestation spreads through direct contact with an infected animal, shared bedding, grooming tools, or contaminated environments. Overcrowded cages, inadequate sanitation, and stress increase susceptibility by compromising the skin barrier and immune response.
Key factors contributing to mite infection include:
- Close proximity to other rodents carrying mites
- Use of unsterilized bedding or accessories
- Presence of wild rodents or pests in the premises
- Immunosuppression due to illness or poor nutrition
- Failure to perform routine health checks
Clinical signs appear within 2‑3 weeks after exposure. Early manifestations involve localized alopecia and mild scaling; progression leads to widespread dermatitis, thickened plaques, and secondary bacterial infections. Diagnosis relies on microscopic examination of skin scrapings, which reveal characteristic mite bodies and eggs. In some cases, dermatoscopic inspection or skin biopsies confirm the diagnosis.
Effective treatment combines topical and systemic approaches. Recommended protocols involve:
- Administration of ivermectin or selamectin at the dosage prescribed for rodents, repeated after 7‑10 days to target newly hatched mites.
- Application of a medicated dip or spray containing sulfur or lime sulfur, ensuring thorough coverage of affected areas.
- Cleaning and disinfection of the cage, bedding, feeding dishes, and any reusable equipment with a 10 % bleach solution or a commercial acaricide.
- Isolation of the treated rat for the duration of therapy to prevent re‑infestation.
Prevention emphasizes strict hygiene, regular health monitoring, and quarantine of new arrivals for at least 30 days. Maintaining low stocking density, providing clean bedding, and promptly addressing skin abnormalities reduce the risk of mite outbreaks.