Why are mice used in research? - briefly
Mice possess genetic and physiological traits closely resembling those of humans, enabling reliable translation of experimental findings. Their fast reproductive cycle, inexpensive upkeep, and fully mapped genome make them optimal for controlled laboratory investigations.
Why are mice used in research? - in detail
Mice are employed in scientific investigations because their biological characteristics align closely with the requirements of experimental design. Their genome is fully sequenced, enabling precise genetic manipulation and the creation of transgenic or knockout models that mimic human diseases. Rapid breeding cycles—approximately three weeks from birth to sexual maturity—allow researchers to generate statistically robust sample sizes within short time frames. Small body size and low maintenance costs make large colonies feasible in laboratory settings.
Key practical advantages include:
- High degree of physiological and metabolic similarity to mammals, providing relevant data for drug efficacy and toxicity testing.
- Availability of extensive repositories of inbred strains, ensuring genetic uniformity and reproducibility across experiments.
- Compatibility with a wide range of molecular techniques, such as CRISPR‑Cas9 editing, RNA interference, and advanced imaging, owing to well‑characterized cellular pathways.
- Established regulatory frameworks that define acceptable use, reducing ethical uncertainties compared with larger vertebrates.
These factors collectively create a model organism that balances scientific relevance, logistical efficiency, and ethical manageability, making it a cornerstone of biomedical research.