What should I do if a pet rat has a swollen belly? - briefly
Isolate the rat, keep it warm and stress‑free, and schedule an immediate veterinary examination. Do not feed, give medication, or attempt home treatment until a professional determines the cause.
What should I do if a pet rat has a swollen belly? - in detail
A rat with a noticeably enlarged abdomen requires prompt attention. First, observe the animal for additional signs: lethargy, labored breathing, reduced appetite, excessive grooming of the belly, or discharge from the genital area. Record the time of onset and any recent changes in diet, environment, or handling.
Next, conduct a basic physical check. Gently palpate the abdomen to assess firmness, tenderness, or the presence of fluid. Avoid applying excessive pressure, as this may cause pain or injury. Measure the rat’s temperature with a rectal probe (normal range 99‑101 °F). Note any fever, which often indicates infection or inflammation.
Identify likely causes. Common contributors to abdominal distension include:
- Gastrointestinal blockage from hair, bedding, or food items
- Pregnancy in females, especially late‑term
- Tumors or cysts in the reproductive or abdominal organs
- Ascites caused by liver disease or heart failure
- Bloat from rapid ingestion of fermentable foods
Do not attempt to treat the condition at home without veterinary guidance. Withhold food for 12‑24 hours to reduce digestive load, but provide fresh water in a shallow dish to prevent dehydration. Keep the rat in a quiet, warm environment (around 75 °F) to reduce stress.
Contact a veterinarian experienced with small mammals immediately. When calling, provide details on the rat’s age, sex, weight, recent diet, observed symptoms, and any known health history. The clinician may request a stool sample, blood work, or imaging (X‑ray, ultrasound) to determine the underlying problem.
If instructed to transport the rat, place it in a secure carrier lined with soft, absorbent material. Avoid handling the abdomen during transit. Follow any pre‑appointment instructions regarding fasting, medication, or fluid administration.
After veterinary evaluation, adhere strictly to the prescribed treatment plan, which may include antibiotics, anti‑inflammatory drugs, surgical intervention, or supportive care such as subcutaneous fluids. Monitor the rat closely for changes in abdominal size, behavior, and appetite, and report any deterioration to the vet without delay.