What is the breed of a black rat called? - briefly
The black rat is identified scientifically as Rattus rattus, commonly called the ship rat. It is a distinct species rather than a domestic breed.
What is the breed of a black rat called? - in detail
The black rat is identified scientifically as Rattus rattus. Common English names include ship rat, roof rat, and simply black rat. It belongs to the family Muridae, order Rodentia, and is one of the three globally widespread rat species, alongside the brown rat (R. norvegicus) and the lesser rice rat (R. exulans).
Key characteristics:
- Coat: glossy, dark brown to black fur; occasional brownish tones.
- Size: head‑body length 16–24 cm; tail roughly equal or slightly longer.
- Ears: proportionally large, naked, and triangular.
- Feet: slender with sharp claws adapted for climbing.
Geographic distribution:
- Originated in Southeast Asia; spread worldwide via ships and trade routes.
- Established populations in temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions.
- Prefers elevated habitats such as attics, roofs, trees, and cliffs.
Behavioral traits:
- Excellent climbers; can navigate vertical surfaces and narrow ledges.
- Primarily omnivorous; diet includes grains, fruits, insects, and human waste.
- Reproductive capacity: gestation 21–23 days; litters of 5–10 pups; multiple litters per year.
Health and ecological impact:
- Vector for pathogens including Yersinia pestis (plague) and Leptospira spp.
- Competes with native rodent species, often reducing biodiversity.
- Causes structural damage by gnawing electrical wiring, insulation, and stored goods.
Control measures:
- Exclusion: sealing entry points, trimming vegetation near buildings.
- Trapping: snap traps, live‑capture devices, positioned along walls and pathways.
- Rodenticides: anticoagulant baits applied according to regulatory guidelines.
Understanding the taxonomy, morphology, and habits of Rattus rattus informs effective management and reduces health risks associated with this ubiquitous rodent.