"Family" - what is it, definition of the term
«Family» is a taxonomic rank that groups related genera based on shared morphological and genetic traits, positioned between order and genus in the hierarchical classification system. This rank denotes a common evolutionary ancestry, allowing scientists to compare and organize biodiversity systematically. In mammalian taxonomy, the rodents commonly called rats and mice are classified within the family Muridae, which encompasses the genera Rattus and Mus among others, illustrating how the rank unites species with closely related characteristics.
Detailed information
Rats and mice belong to the order Rodentia, suborder Myomorpha, and are grouped within the superfamily Muroidea. Within this superfamily, the taxonomic unit «Muridae» encompasses the majority of species commonly referred to as rats and mice. This grouping is characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each jaw, a robust skull, and a highly adaptable dentition pattern.
Morphological traits shared by members of «Muridae» include:
- Small to medium body size, typically ranging from 5 cm to 30 cm in head‑body length.
- Dense fur covering, with coloration varying from brown and gray to black.
- Highly efficient reproductive system capable of producing several litters per year.
- Well‑developed auditory and olfactory senses, supporting nocturnal activity.
The taxonomic unit contains several genera of economic and scientific importance:
1. Rattus – includes species such as the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) and the black rat (Rattus rattus).
2. Mus – includes the common house mouse (Mus musculus) and related species.
3. Apodemus – comprises various field mice found primarily in Eurasia.
4. Peromyscus – represents the deer mouse group, prevalent in North America.
Ecologically, members of «Muridae» occupy diverse habitats, from urban environments to forests and grasslands. Their omnivorous diet enables them to exploit a wide range of food resources, influencing seed dispersal, soil aeration, and predator‑prey dynamics. In agricultural settings, certain species act as pest agents, while others serve as model organisms in biomedical research due to their rapid life cycles and genetic similarity to humans.