What is a white rat? - briefly
A white rat is a laboratory-bred rodent with an albino coat, pink eyes, and a genetic background selected for uniformity and ease of handling in scientific research. It serves as a standard model organism for studies in genetics, toxicology, and disease mechanisms.
What is a white rat? - in detail
A white rat is an albino form of the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus). The lack of melanin produces a uniform white coat, pink skin, and red or pink irises. This phenotype results from a recessive allele; two carriers are required for offspring to display the condition.
Physically, the animal measures 20–25 cm in body length, with a tail of comparable length. Weight ranges from 250 g to 500 g in adulthood. The skeletal structure, dentition, and organ systems are identical to pigmented conspecifics, making the albino variant suitable for comparative studies.
Genetically, the albino trait follows Mendelian inheritance. Breeding programs maintain homozygous lines to ensure consistent coloration. Heterozygous individuals appear normal but transmit the allele to 50 % of progeny when crossed with a homozygous partner.
Applications include:
- Biomedical research (pharmacology, toxicology, genetics)
- Neuroscience (behavioral assays, electrophysiology)
- Education (laboratory training, demonstration)
- Pet ownership (popular among hobbyists for their distinctive appearance)
Husbandry requirements are straightforward. A cage of at least 0.5 m² floor space, bedding of absorbent material, and nesting pads provide a suitable environment. Dietary needs consist of a balanced rodent pellet, fresh vegetables, and occasional protein treats. Regular health monitoring should focus on:
- Respiratory infections (common in crowded conditions)
- Dermatitis (sensitive skin may develop lesions)
- Dental overgrowth (requires chew material)
Behaviorally, white rats exhibit the same social hierarchy as pigmented rats, forming groups with dominant and subordinate members. They are crepuscular, showing peak activity at dawn and dusk, and display exploratory behavior in novel environments.
Overall, the albino variant serves as a reliable, well‑characterized model organism and a recognizable companion animal, with care protocols mirroring those of standard Rattus norvegicus populations.