What is a gray rat called? - briefly
The gray rat is the Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus), also known as the brown rat. It is a medium‑sized, globally distributed rodent.
What is a gray rat called? - in detail
The gray rodent most frequently encountered in urban and rural settings is scientifically identified as Rattus norvegicus. This species is commonly referred to as the brown rat, Norway rat, or simply the common rat. In North America the term “gray rat” is often used colloquially, while British English prefers “Norwegian rat.”
Taxonomically, Rattus norvegicus belongs to the family Muridae, order Rodentia. Adult individuals typically measure 20–25 cm in body length, with a tail of comparable length, and weigh between 250 and 500 g. Their dorsal fur ranges from dark gray to brown, giving rise to the various common names.
Regional nomenclature varies:
- United States: gray rat, brown rat, sewer rat.
- United Kingdom: Norway rat, sewer rat.
- Australia: grey rat, common rat.
- Scientific literature: Rattus norvegicus (Norwegian rat).
The species has several subspecies and color morphs, including albino and black variants, but the standard gray coloration remains the most prevalent. Domesticated forms used in laboratory research retain the same scientific name; they are often called “laboratory rats” but are genetically identical to wild gray rats.
Key characteristics distinguishing this rodent include:
- Robust body and thick tail.
- Large, blunt incisors suited for gnawing.
- Highly adaptable diet, allowing survival in diverse habitats.
- Strong reproductive capacity, with litters of 6–12 pups.
Understanding the precise terminology is essential for pest control, scientific communication, and public health discussions. The accepted universal name remains Rattus norvegicus, while the assorted common names reflect geographic and linguistic preferences.