What do rats need in cages? - briefly
Rats require a spacious cage with solid flooring, absorbent bedding, a secure hideaway, fresh water, balanced food, and chewable enrichment items to maintain health and prevent boredom. Regular cleaning and the use of non‑toxic, safe materials are essential for hygiene and safety.
What do rats need in cages? - in detail
Rats require a spacious enclosure that allows free movement, climbing, and nesting. Minimum dimensions for a pair of adult rats are approximately 90 cm × 45 cm × 45 cm; larger cages improve welfare and reduce stress.
A suitable substrate should be absorbent, dust‑free, and easy to replace. Paper‑based bedding, aspen shavings, or coconut fiber meet these criteria. Avoid pine or cedar, which release aromatic oils harmful to respiratory health.
Constant access to fresh water is essential. A sipper bottle with a stainless‑steel tube prevents contamination and reduces spillage. Food must be nutritionally balanced; a commercially formulated rat pellet provides complete nutrition, complemented by small portions of fresh vegetables, fruits, and occasional protein treats.
Environmental enrichment prevents boredom and promotes natural behaviors. Include:
- Multiple levels or platforms for climbing
- Hiding places such as PVC tubes, cardboard boxes, or wooden houses
- Chewable items like untreated wood blocks, mineral chews, or safe cardboard
- Manipulable objects such as puzzle feeders or foraging toys
Regular cleaning maintains hygiene. Spot‑clean waste daily, replace soiled bedding weekly, and perform a full cage cleaning monthly with mild, unscented soap and hot water. Disinfectants should be avoided unless specifically approved for small mammals.
Temperature should remain between 18 °C and 24 °C (65 °F–75 °F). Direct drafts, excessive heat, and rapid temperature fluctuations are detrimental. Provide a natural light cycle of 12–14 hours, using ambient room lighting; avoid direct sunlight that can cause overheating.
Safety considerations include securing all cage components, inspecting for sharp edges, and ensuring that chewable items are free of toxic substances. Wire mesh should have a spacing no larger than 1 cm to prevent escape or injury.
Rats are social animals; housing them in compatible pairs or small groups is necessary for psychological health. Introduce new individuals gradually, monitoring for aggression, and provide additional hiding spaces to reduce conflict.
In summary, a well‑designed cage supplies adequate space, clean absorbent bedding, uninterrupted water and balanced nutrition, diverse enrichment, stable temperature and lighting, and secure construction, while supporting the species’ social nature.