What are rats fed? - briefly
Rats typically receive a balanced commercial rodent chow supplemented with fresh vegetables, fruits, and occasional protein sources such as boiled egg or lean meat. Treats like nuts or seeds are given sparingly to prevent obesity.
What are rats fed? - in detail
Rats thrive on a diet that balances protein, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals. Commercial rodent pellets provide a consistent nutrient profile, typically containing 15‑20 % protein, 5‑10 % fat, and essential micronutrients. Pellets are formulated to prevent deficiencies and support reproductive health.
Supplementary foods enhance variety and mimic natural foraging:
- Protein sources: cooked eggs, lean meat, low‑fat dairy, boiled beans, mealworms.
- Grains and seeds: whole‑grain rice, oats, quinoa, sunflower or pumpkin seeds (unsalted, unroasted).
- Fruits and vegetables: apples, berries, carrots, broccoli, leafy greens; offered in small portions to avoid excess sugar or water content.
- Treats: small pieces of cheese, plain popcorn, unsweetened cereal; limited to prevent obesity.
Water must be fresh, clean, and available at all times. Bottles with stainless‑steel or plastic tubing reduce contamination risk.
Nutritional considerations:
- Protein requirement: 15‑20 % of daily caloric intake; essential for growth, tissue repair, and immune function.
- Fat limit: 5‑10 % of calories; excess leads to hepatic lipidosis.
- Fiber: 3‑5 % of diet; promotes gastrointestinal motility; achieved through vegetables and whole grains.
- Calcium‑phosphorus ratio: approximately 1:1; imbalance can cause skeletal abnormalities.
- Vitamin deficiencies: lack of vitamin C is rare in rats, but insufficient vitamin D or B‑complex can cause metabolic disorders; fortified pellets address this.
Feeding schedule influences health. Offer measured portions twice daily to regulate metabolism and prevent over‑eating. Remove uneaten fresh food after 24 hours to avoid spoilage.
Special cases:
- Breeding females: increase protein to 20‑25 % and add calcium‑rich supplements (e.g., crushed eggshell) to support lactation.
- Aged rats: reduce fat, increase easily digestible protein, and include joint‑support supplements such as glucosamine.
- Illness: temporary bland diet of boiled chicken and rice, followed by gradual reintroduction of regular feed.
Overall, a balanced commercial pellet base, complemented by controlled amounts of fresh foods and adequate hydration, meets the comprehensive nutritional needs of rats.