How should rats be properly kept at home? - briefly
Provide a spacious cage with solid flooring, nesting material, chew toys, and a controlled environment (65–75 °F, humidity below 60 %); clean the enclosure weekly. Feed a balanced mix of commercial pellets, fresh vegetables, occasional protein, and supply fresh water daily.
How should rats be properly kept at home? - in detail
Rats thrive when their living environment meets specific standards for space, hygiene, nutrition, and mental stimulation.
A suitable enclosure must provide at least 2 sq ft of floor area per animal, with a minimum height of 12 in to allow climbing. Wire cages should feature a solid floor covered with absorbent bedding; avoid pine or cedar shavings, which release harmful oils. Paper-based or aspen bedding offers optimal absorbency and low dust.
Nutrition requires a balanced diet consisting of a high‑quality commercial rat pellet as the staple, supplemented with fresh vegetables (e.g., carrots, broccoli, spinach) and occasional fruit (e.g., apple, banana). Fresh water should be available at all times in a chew‑proof bottle, and the supply must be refreshed daily.
Environmental enrichment is essential for preventing boredom and associated behavioral issues. Provide:
- Multiple levels and ramps for vertical movement.
- Hideouts such as cardboard tubes, wooden houses, or PVC tunnels.
- Chewable items (untreated wood blocks, natural mineral chews) to maintain dental health.
- Daily interaction sessions to foster social bonds and reduce stress.
Health maintenance includes regular inspection of the coat, eyes, ears, and paws for signs of injury or disease. Schedule a veterinary check‑up at least once a year, and monitor weight weekly to detect nutritional problems early. Trim nails only when they become overgrown, and keep the enclosure clean by spot‑cleaning soiled bedding daily and performing a full cleanout with mild, unscented soap once a month.
Social needs dictate that rats be housed in same‑sex pairs or groups to satisfy their inherently gregarious nature. Ensure compatible personalities by observing interactions; aggressive individuals should be separated promptly.
By adhering to these guidelines—adequate space, proper bedding, balanced diet, enrichment, routine health checks, and social housing—rat owners can create a safe, comfortable, and stimulating home environment that promotes longevity and wellbeing.