How should rats be kept in a cage? - briefly
Rats need a spacious, well‑ventilated cage with solid flooring, enrichment items such as tunnels and chew toys, nesting material, and a schedule of regular cleaning and health checks.
How should rats be kept in a cage? - in detail
Rats thrive when their enclosure replicates key elements of their natural environment while providing safety and stimulation. A cage must be spacious enough to allow movement, climbing, and nesting. Minimum dimensions are 30 × 18 × 18 inches (76 × 45 × 45 cm) for a pair; larger groups require proportionally more floor space. Multi‑level designs with solid flooring and sturdy ramps increase usable area without sacrificing stability.
Bedding should be absorbent, dust‑free, and non‑toxic. Aspen shavings, paper pulp, or processed hemp are suitable choices. Replace soiled material at least twice weekly; perform a full substrate change every two weeks to prevent ammonia buildup and parasite proliferation.
Enrichment items are essential for mental health. Include:
- Nesting material (cotton squares, shredded tissue) for burrowing.
- Chewable objects (untreated wood blocks, mineral chews) to wear down continuously growing incisors.
- Climbing structures (solid platforms, rope ladders) securely anchored to prevent collapse.
- Hideaways (plastic tunnels, cardboard boxes) that offer privacy and reduce stress.
Diet must consist of a balanced laboratory‑grade pellet supplemented with fresh fruits, vegetables, and occasional protein sources. Provide clean water in a sipper bottle; check daily for leaks and refill as needed.
Social housing is preferred; rats are highly sociable. Keep same‑sex groups together, monitoring for aggression. If conflicts arise, separate individuals promptly to avoid injury.
Cleaning protocol:
- Remove food and water containers.
- Discard soiled bedding; wipe all surfaces with a mild, non‑abrasive disinfectant.
- Rinse and dry thoroughly before adding fresh substrate.
- Re‑fill water bottle and replenish food.
Ventilation must be adequate but free of drafts. Position the cage away from direct sunlight, heat vents, and loud machinery to maintain a stable temperature (18‑24 °C) and humidity (40‑60 %). Regularly inspect the cage for rust, sharp edges, or loose fittings that could harm the animals.
Health monitoring includes daily visual checks for coat condition, respiratory sounds, and activity levels. Record any abnormalities and consult a qualified veterinarian promptly.
By adhering to these guidelines—adequate space, appropriate bedding, comprehensive enrichment, balanced nutrition, consistent hygiene, proper social grouping, and environmental control—rats will remain healthy, active, and behaviorally normal within their confinement.