"Harm" - what is it, definition of the term
In biological and ethical discourse the term denotes any adverse impact that diminishes an organism’s physical integrity, physiological function, or psychological well‑being, including injury, disease, deprivation, or distress; when applied to small rodents such as rats and mice, it covers trauma, exposure to toxic agents, lack of food or water, and conditions that cause pain or suffering.
Detailed information
Rats and mice are vectors of numerous pathogens that can transmit bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases to humans and livestock. Contamination of food supplies, water sources, and surfaces occurs through droppings, urine, and saliva, creating routes for illnesses such as leptospirosis, hantavirus, salmonellosis, and rat‑bite fever.
Physical damage results from gnawing behavior. Rodents compromise structural integrity by chewing electrical wiring, insulation, and plumbing, leading to fire hazards, short circuits, and water leaks. Their activity also degrades stored products, grain, and building materials, causing economic loss and reduced shelf life.
Ecological impact includes competition with native species for resources, displacement of small mammals, and alteration of trophic dynamics. Predation by introduced rodent populations can suppress insect and bird communities, reducing biodiversity.
Control measures must address three core aspects:
- Sanitation: Eliminate food residues, secure waste containers, and maintain clean environments to remove attractants.
- Exclusion: Seal entry points, install rodent‑proof barriers, and repair structural gaps to prevent ingress.
- Population reduction: Apply integrated pest management techniques, combining traps, baits, and, where appropriate, professional extermination services.
Monitoring programs track infestation levels through bait station inspections, activity tracking, and regular inspections of high‑risk zones. Data collection supports timely interventions and minimizes the adverse outcomes associated with rodent presence.