How should rats be fed? - briefly
Provide a balanced diet of high‑quality rodent pellets supplemented with small portions of fresh vegetables, fruits, and occasional protein sources, while ensuring continuous access to clean water. Feed measured portions once or twice daily to prevent obesity and remove any uneaten food promptly.
How should rats be fed? - in detail
Rats require a balanced diet that supplies protein, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals in proportions that support growth, reproduction, and longevity. Commercial rodent pellets formulated for laboratory or pet rats provide a reliable base because they contain precisely measured nutrient levels and are free of contaminants. Pellets should constitute the primary food source and be offered daily in quantities that allow the animal to consume the entire portion within a few hours, typically 15–20 g per adult rat.
Supplementary foods enrich the diet and prevent monotony. Acceptable additions include:
- Fresh vegetables: leafy greens (e.g., kale, romaine lettuce), carrots, broccoli; provide fiber and micronutrients. Offer 1–2 tbsp per rat, remove uneaten portions after 30 minutes.
- Fresh fruits: apple slices, berries, banana; supply natural sugars and antioxidants. Limit to 1 tbsp per rat to avoid excess calories.
- Protein treats: boiled egg, cooked chicken, mealworms; supply essential amino acids. Provide 5–10 g per week.
- Whole grains: oats, cooked quinoa; add complex carbohydrates. Offer 1 tbsp per rat intermittently.
Water must be available at all times in a clean, leak‑proof bottle. Replace daily and disinfect the bottle weekly to prevent bacterial growth. Rats drink approximately 30–60 ml per day, depending on ambient temperature and diet moisture content.
Feeding schedule should be consistent. Place food and water at the same time each morning; remove any leftovers before the next feeding to maintain hygiene. Observe consumption patterns; a sudden decrease may indicate illness.
Avoid foods that are toxic or indigestible: chocolate, caffeine, alcohol, raw beans, citrus peels, onions, garlic, and high‑fat processed snacks. Also exclude sticky substances (e.g., peanut butter) that can cause dental problems.
Monitor body condition by feeling the ribs and spine. Maintain a weight range of 300–500 g for adult males and 250–400 g for females. Adjust portions if the rat becomes overweight or underweight, consulting a veterinarian experienced in small‑animal nutrition when necessary.