How should I keep a domestic rat in a cage at home? - briefly
Use a well‑ventilated cage with a solid base, at least 2 sq ft of floor space per rat, lined with absorbent bedding and equipped with climbing platforms, tunnels, and chew toys; provide fresh water, a diet of quality pellets supplemented with vegetables, and replace the bedding weekly while cleaning the cage regularly.
How should I keep a domestic rat in a cage at home? - in detail
A suitable cage for a pet rat must provide enough space for movement, climbing, and nesting. Minimum dimensions are 24 inches long, 12 inches wide, and 12 inches high; larger enclosures improve welfare. Wire cages should have a bar spacing of no more than ½ inch to prevent escape. Acrylic or glass tanks are acceptable if they include a secure mesh lid and adequate ventilation.
Bedding should be absorbent, dust‑free, and non‑toxic. Paper‑based products, shredded paper, or aspen shavings meet these criteria. Replace soiled bedding at least twice weekly; perform a full substrate change every two weeks to control odor and parasites.
Enrichment items are essential for mental and physical health. Provide:
- Multi‑level platforms or shelves for climbing.
- Tubes, tunnels, and chewable wood blocks.
- A small hideout or house for privacy.
- A running wheel specifically designed for rodents (minimum 8‑inch diameter, solid surface).
Food and water must be available at all times. Use a heavy, tip‑proof water bottle with a stainless‑steel nozzle; check for leaks daily. Offer a balanced rat diet consisting of a high‑quality commercial pellet, fresh vegetables (e.g., carrots, broccoli), and occasional fruit treats. Limit seeds and nuts to prevent obesity.
Cleaning routine:
- Daily: remove uneaten food, check water bottle, spot‑clean waste.
- Every 3‑4 days: replace soiled bedding, disinfect cage surfaces with a rodent‑safe cleaner.
- Weekly: wash food dishes, wheels, and accessories with hot water and mild soap; rinse thoroughly.
Health monitoring includes observing coat condition, activity level, and eating habits. Look for signs of respiratory distress (sneezing, nasal discharge), skin lesions, or abnormal stool. Schedule a veterinary check‑up at least once a year and promptly consult a veterinarian if illness is suspected.
Safety considerations:
- Keep the cage out of reach of children and other pets.
- Secure all lids and doors; test closures before each use.
- Avoid toxic plants, chemicals, and foods such as chocolate, caffeine, or raw beans.
By adhering to these specifications, a domestic rat can thrive in a home cage, exhibiting natural behaviors while remaining healthy and content.