How should I care for a rat at home and what should I feed it? - briefly
Provide a spacious cage with bedding, hideouts, and fresh water, cleaning it weekly, and feed a balanced diet of commercial rat pellets supplemented with small portions of fresh fruits, vegetables, and occasional protein treats.
How should I care for a rat at home and what should I feed it? - in detail
A healthy rat requires a secure enclosure, appropriate bedding, regular cleaning, social interaction, and a balanced diet.
The cage should be at least 18 × 12 × 12 inches for a single animal, larger for a pair. Wire mesh with a solid floor prevents foot injuries; a plastic base can be covered with paper‑based bedding or aspen shavings, which absorb moisture and control odor. Clean the cage weekly, removing soiled bedding and washing all surfaces with mild, unscented detergent. Provide multiple levels, tunnels, and chewable toys to satisfy the species’ natural curiosity and gnawing instinct.
Handling should begin within the first week of life. Support the rat’s body, avoid squeezing, and limit sessions to five minutes until the animal shows confidence. Rats are social; keeping at least two compatible individuals reduces stress and promotes natural behavior. Observe for signs of illness—lethargy, nasal discharge, hair loss, or abnormal stool—and consult a veterinarian experienced with rodents promptly.
Dietary guidelines:
- Commercial rat pellets: the primary source of protein, fat, vitamins, and minerals; offer a measured amount each day.
- Fresh vegetables: broccoli, kale, carrots, bell peppers, and leafy greens; provide 1–2 tablespoons per rat, rinsed and chopped.
- Fruits: apple slices, berries, banana; limit to ½ tablespoon due to sugar content.
- Protein supplements: cooked egg, low‑fat plain yogurt, or small pieces of cooked chicken; offer 1 teaspoon a few times weekly.
- Treats: unsalted nuts, whole‑grain cereal, or commercial rat treats; use sparingly as calorie boosters.
- Water: fresh, clean water in a bottle with a stainless‑steel sipper; replace daily.
Avoid toxic foods such as chocolate, caffeine, raw beans, onions, garlic, and citrus peels. Do not feed sticky or sugary candy, as it can cause digestive blockage.
Regular health maintenance includes trimming nails when they become overgrown, checking teeth for proper alignment, and providing safe chewing materials to prevent dental overgrowth. A routine of weekly cage cleaning, daily fresh food and water, and consistent social interaction will sustain a rat’s physical well‑being and mental vitality.