How should a domestic rat be housed? - briefly
A pet rat requires a roomy, well‑ventilated cage with solid flooring, multiple levels, and safe chewable enrichment, maintained at a stable temperature of 65‑75 °F (18‑24 °C) and cleaned regularly. Fresh water, a balanced diet, and daily handling support health and social behavior.
How should a domestic rat be housed? - in detail
A pet rat requires a cage that allows ample movement and vertical exploration. Minimum dimensions are 24 inches long, 12 inches wide, and 12 inches high for a single adult; larger enclosures are preferable, especially for multiple rats. Solid bottom flooring prevents foot injuries; wire floors should be avoided.
Bedding should be absorbent, dust‑free, and non‑toxic. Aspen shavings, paper‑based pellets, or recycled paper bedding meet these criteria. Change the substrate completely every one to two weeks, and spot‑clean daily to remove urine and feces.
Enrichment items support natural behaviors and reduce stress. Provide:
- Multiple levels or ramps for climbing
- Hideaways such as wooden tunnels or PVC tubes
- Chewable objects (untreated wood blocks, cardboard) to maintain dental health
- Toys that encourage foraging (paper rolls, small cardboard boxes)
Rats are social animals; housing them in same‑sex pairs or small groups promotes psychological well‑being. Introduce new individuals gradually, monitoring for aggression.
Temperature should remain between 65 °F and 75 °F (18 °C–24 °C). Avoid drafts, direct sunlight, and proximity to heating vents. A consistent light cycle of 12 hours light and 12 hours darkness replicates natural rhythms; a low‑intensity bulb can provide gentle illumination during the dark phase if needed.
Ventilation is essential to control ammonia buildup. Ensure at least one side of the cage has airflow, but protect the interior from direct breezes.
Food and water must be readily accessible. Use a heavy‑base water bottle with a stainless‑steel spout to prevent tipping. Provide a balanced rodent pellet diet supplemented with fresh vegetables, limited fruit, and occasional protein treats.
Regular maintenance includes:
- Daily removal of soiled bedding and uneaten food.
- Weekly inspection of cage structure for wear, loose wires, or sharp edges.
- Monthly deep cleaning: dismantle the cage, wash all components with mild, unscented soap, rinse thoroughly, and dry before reassembly.
By adhering to these specifications, owners create a safe, stimulating, and hygienic environment that supports the health and behavior of domesticated rats.