How do rats die from rabies? - briefly
Infected rats develop encephalitis, resulting in seizures, paralysis and respiratory failure that end in death. The virus attacks the central nervous system, causing progressive neurological collapse.
How do rats die from rabies? - in detail
Rats infected with the rabies virus undergo a predictable disease course that ends in fatal neurodegeneration. After exposure, the virus replicates in muscle cells at the bite site before entering peripheral nerves. Axonal transport carries the pathogen toward the spinal cord and brain, a phase that lasts from a few days to several weeks depending on viral load and the distance from the entry point.
Once the virus reaches the central nervous system, it spreads rapidly, causing widespread encephalitis. Inflammation, neuronal necrosis, and demyelination produce the classic clinical picture: agitation, tremors, paralysis of the hind limbs, and loss of coordination. Autonomic dysfunction follows, with irregular heart rate, hypertension, and respiratory irregularities.
The final mechanisms of death are:
- Severe encephalitis – extensive neuronal loss compromises vital brainstem functions.
- Respiratory failure – paralysis of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles prevents effective ventilation.
- Cardiovascular collapse – autonomic instability leads to arrhythmias and hypotension.
- Secondary infections – compromised immunity and tissue damage predispose to bacterial sepsis.
These factors converge within hours to a few days after the onset of neurological signs, resulting in a rapid and irreversible outcome. No effective treatment exists once clinical signs appear; supportive care cannot reverse the underlying viral damage.