What to do if a rat has a cold? Treatment advice

Recognizing the Signs of a Cold in Your Rat

Common Symptoms to Look For

Sneezing and Nasal Discharge

Sneezing and nasal discharge are common indicators of an upper‑respiratory infection in rats. The symptoms often appear together, with clear or slightly cloudy fluid draining from the nostrils and frequent, short bursts of sneezing. Persistent discharge may become thicker and yellow‑green, suggesting a bacterial complication.

Typical causes include viral agents such as Sendai virus and bacterial pathogens like Mycoplasma pulmonis. Stress, poor ventilation, and low ambient temperature increase susceptibility. Identifying the underlying agent requires veterinary assessment; however, observable signs guide immediate care.

Immediate measures focus on isolation, environmental control, and hygiene.

Place the affected rat in a separate cage equipped with soft bedding.
Maintain ambient temperature between 20 °C and 24 °C; avoid drafts.
Increase humidity using a safe water‑based humidifier or a shallow dish of water in the cage.
Provide fresh, high‑quality food and water to support immune function.
Gently wipe nasal passages with a damp cotton swab to remove excess discharge and reduce crust formation.

Supportive therapy includes ensuring adequate hydration and nutrition. Offer electrolyte‑enriched water and soft, nutrient‑dense foods such as mashed pellets or boiled egg whites. If discharge thickens or the rat shows lethargy, loss of appetite, or labored breathing, seek veterinary intervention promptly. A veterinarian may prescribe targeted antibiotics, anti‑inflammatory agents, or antiviral medication based on diagnostic testing.

Long‑term prevention emphasizes proper cage cleaning, regular health monitoring, and minimizing stressors. Routine disinfection of bedding and equipment, combined with adequate ventilation, reduces pathogen load and lowers the risk of recurrent respiratory issues.

Labored Breathing and Wheezing

Labored breathing and wheezing indicate that the respiratory system is under stress, often caused by congestion, inflammation, or secondary infection in a rat suffering from a cold.

Typical manifestations include rapid, shallow breaths, audible wheeze during exhalation, and visible effort of the chest muscles. The animal may adopt a hunched posture and exhibit reduced activity levels.

Immediate measures focus on reducing airway obstruction and supporting oxygen intake:

Place the rat in a warm, draft‑free enclosure with humidity maintained at 50‑60 %.
Offer a small amount of warmed, low‑fat broth to encourage fluid intake.
Use a humidifier or a shallow dish of warm water to increase ambient moisture.

Supportive treatments may involve:

Administration of a veterinarian‑prescribed bronchodilator to relax airway smooth muscle.
Short course of an appropriate antibiotic if bacterial infection is suspected, based on veterinary assessment.
Supplemental oxygen delivered through a small, low‑flow device if severe hypoxia is observed.

Consult a veterinarian promptly if breathing remains labored after 24 hours, if wheezing intensifies, or if additional symptoms such as nasal discharge, fever, or lethargy develop. Early professional intervention reduces the risk of complications and promotes recovery.

Lethargy and Reduced Appetite

Lethargy in a rat with a cold often signals the body’s effort to conserve energy while fighting infection. Reduced appetite accompanies this state, increasing the risk of dehydration and weight loss. Immediate actions focus on supporting comfort, hydration, and nutrition, followed by professional evaluation.

Provide a warm, draft‑free environment; raise ambient temperature by 2–3 °C using a safe heating pad or heat lamp placed at a distance to avoid burns.
Offer fresh water in a shallow dish; add a few drops of electrolyte solution if the rat refuses to drink.
Present highly palatable foods such as soft boiled egg, plain yogurt, or warmed commercial rat mash. Small, frequent portions encourage intake without overwhelming the animal.
Monitor body condition twice daily; record weight, activity level, and food consumption to detect trends.
If lethargy persists beyond 24 hours, appetite does not improve, or nasal discharge appears, schedule a veterinary appointment for diagnostic testing and possible antimicrobial therapy.

Long‑term recovery benefits from reduced stress, consistent temperature control, and regular feeding schedules. Maintaining clean bedding and limiting exposure to other rodents minimizes secondary infections. Prompt veterinary intervention ensures appropriate treatment and reduces the likelihood of complications.

Porphyrin Staining Around Eyes and Nose

Porphyrin staining around the eyes and nose is a common indicator of physiological distress in rodents. The reddish‑brown secretions result from the breakdown of hemoglobin and appear more prominently when a rat experiences an upper respiratory infection. Increased staining often coincides with nasal discharge, sneezing, and reduced activity, signaling that immediate care is required.

Effective management of a rat showing these signs includes the following actions:

Provide a warm, draft‑free enclosure; temperature should remain between 20 °C and 24 °C.
Increase ambient humidity with a safe humidifier or by placing a shallow water dish inside the cage; moisture helps alleviate nasal congestion.
Offer easily digestible, high‑energy foods such as softened pellets or fresh fruit; ensure constant access to clean water.
Gently clean the stained areas using a soft, damp cloth or sterile saline wipes; avoid harsh chemicals that could irritate the delicate skin.
Monitor respiratory rate and behavior; persistent lethargy, labored breathing, or worsening staining warrants veterinary evaluation.
Administer any prescribed antibiotics or supportive medications exactly as directed; do not introduce over‑the‑counter remedies without professional guidance.

Recognizing porphyrin staining as a symptom rather than a standalone condition enables rapid response, reduces the risk of secondary infections, and supports recovery in a rat suffering from a cold.

Immediate Actions and Home Care

Creating a Comfortable Environment

Maintaining Optimal Temperature and Humidity

When a pet rat develops respiratory symptoms, the ambient environment plays a decisive role in recovery. Temperature that is too low forces the animal to expend energy maintaining body heat, while excessive warmth can exacerbate inflammation. Humidity that falls below the optimal level dries nasal passages, impairing mucociliary clearance; conversely, overly moist air encourages fungal growth.

The ideal temperature for a rat cage lies between 18 °C and 22 °C. Maintaining this range prevents hypothermia without creating conditions that favor pathogen proliferation. Consistent monitoring with a digital thermometer ensures that fluctuations are detected promptly.

Relative humidity should be kept between 45 % and 55  %. This level preserves mucosal moisture, supporting natural defense mechanisms, while avoiding the condensation that promotes mold. A hygrometer placed at cage height provides reliable readings for adjustments.

Practical measures to achieve and sustain these conditions include:

Position the cage away from drafts, direct sunlight, and heating vents.
Use a low-wattage ceramic heat emitter or a thermostatically controlled heating pad to raise temperature only when needed.
Introduce a small ultrasonic humidifier, set to maintain the target humidity range; refill with distilled water to prevent mineral buildup.
Conduct daily checks of thermometer and hygrometer; record values and adjust devices accordingly.
Ensure adequate ventilation by providing a mesh side panel, avoiding stagnant air while preserving the desired climate.

By adhering to these parameters, the rat’s respiratory system remains supported, facilitating faster alleviation of cold symptoms and reducing the risk of secondary infections.

Providing Soft Bedding and Hiding Spots

Soft bedding keeps the floor warm and prevents the animal’s sensitive skin from rubbing against hard surfaces. Use materials such as shredded paper, fleece blankets, or high‑grade cotton pads. Ensure the bedding is dry, changed regularly, and free of dust that could irritate the respiratory tract.

Hiding spots give a sick rat a secure place to rest away from drafts and household traffic. Provide enclosed tunnels, small wooden houses, or PVC tubes with smooth interiors. Position these shelters in quiet corners, away from direct airflow from vents or windows.

Ensuring Fresh Water and Nutritious Food

Providing a sick rat with constant access to clean, fresh water prevents dehydration, which can exacerbate respiratory distress. Replace water at least twice daily, ensuring the temperature is slightly warm (around 30 °C) to encourage drinking. Use a stainless‑steel bowl that can be rinsed thoroughly; if a bottle is preferred, clean the tip daily to avoid biofilm buildup.

Offer a nutritionally balanced diet that supports immune function. Include high‑quality rodent pellets as the staple, supplement with small portions of fresh vegetables such as carrots, broccoli, and leafy greens. Add a protein source—hard‑boiled egg, cooked chicken, or commercial rat treats—once or twice a day. Avoid sugary or fatty foods that may hinder digestion.

Monitor intake closely. Record the volume of water consumed and the amount of food eaten each day. Reduced consumption signals the need for veterinary assessment. Adjust portion sizes if the rat shows signs of reduced appetite, providing softer, easily chewable foods to maintain caloric intake.

Maintain hygiene to preserve water quality. Disinfect the water container weekly with a mild, rodent‑safe solution, then rinse thoroughly. Keep the feeding area free of spilled food to limit bacterial growth.

Natural Remedies and Supportive Care

Humidifiers and Saline Solutions

Humidifiers and saline solutions are essential tools for supporting a rat experiencing respiratory congestion. Moist air eases inflamed nasal passages, while saline irrigates the mucous membranes and reduces crust formation.

A suitable humidifier should produce a fine mist without excessive heat. Place the device at a distance of at least 12 inches from the cage to prevent condensation on bedding. Operate the unit for 6–8 hours daily, monitoring humidity levels to stay between 45 % and 55 %. Clean the reservoir every 48 hours with diluted white vinegar to inhibit microbial growth.

Saline solution preparation follows a simple ratio: one teaspoon of non‑iodized salt dissolved in 500 ml of boiled, cooled water. Use sterile dropper bottles for administration. Apply 2–3 drops into each nostril twice daily, ensuring the rat is calm and upright to prevent aspiration. Discard any unused solution after 24 hours to maintain sterility.

Regular observation of breathing patterns and nasal discharge confirms the effectiveness of these measures. Adjust humidity and saline frequency if symptoms persist, and consult a veterinarian for persistent or severe conditions.

Herbal Teas and Immune Boosters

Herbal infusions can provide gentle relief for rats experiencing nasal congestion and mild throat irritation. Warm liquids increase mucosal moisture, facilitating easier breathing without causing stress.

Chamomile (Matricaria recutita) – steep 1 g of dried flowers in 100 ml of water for 5 minutes; cool to 38‑40 °C; offer 2‑3 ml twice daily.
Peppermint (Mentha piperita) – use 0.5 g of dried leaves per 100 ml; steep 4 minutes; cool to body temperature; limit to once daily to avoid excessive menthol.
Elderflower (Sambucus nigra) – 1 g per 100 ml; steep 6 minutes; serve 2 ml three times a day.

These teas are low in caffeine and contain anti‑inflammatory flavonoids that soothe irritated airways. Ensure all liquids are free of added sugars or artificial sweeteners.

Immune‑supporting supplements complement herbal teas by strengthening the rat’s natural defenses.

Vitamin C – 10 mg per kilogram of body weight, delivered in a water‑soluble form, administered once daily.
Probiotic blend (Lactobacillus reuteri, Bifidobacterium animalis) – 1 × 10⁹ CFU mixed into fresh food, provided daily.
Zinc gluconate – 5 mg per kilogram, given in a palatable paste, limited to two doses per week to prevent toxicity.

These nutrients promote leukocyte function and mucosal integrity, reducing the duration of respiratory symptoms.

Safety considerations: monitor water temperature to avoid burns; observe for signs of aversion or digestive upset; discontinue any component that triggers adverse reactions. Persistent coughing, fever, or loss of appetite warrants immediate veterinary assessment, as herbal and nutritional support does not replace professional treatment.

Gentle Massage and Handling

Gentle massage and careful handling support respiratory comfort and reduce stress in a rat experiencing a cold. Light pressure applied to the shoulders and neck encourages fluid movement and eases congestion. Handling should be slow, supportive, and avoid sudden movements that could trigger panic.

Use fingertips to deliver a soft, circular motion on the upper back for 1‑2 minutes, twice daily.
Apply a brief, gentle stroke along the sides of the neck, avoiding the throat region.
Hold the animal in a warm, cupped hand, allowing the body to relax while maintaining a stable temperature.
Limit handling sessions to no more than five minutes to prevent fatigue.

Consistent, soothing contact promotes clearer breathing and aids recovery without causing additional distress.

When to Seek Veterinary Attention

Identifying Red Flags

Worsening Symptoms or No Improvement

When a pet rat shows no sign of recovery from a respiratory infection, immediate action is required. Persistent nasal discharge, labored breathing, loss of appetite, or reduced activity indicate that the condition is either worsening or stagnant. Delay increases the risk of complications such as pneumonia or secondary bacterial invasion.

Key steps for intervention:

Schedule a veterinary appointment without postponement; a professional assessment is essential for accurate diagnosis and appropriate medication.
Collect a fresh stool sample and, if possible, a nasal swab for laboratory analysis; these specimens help identify bacterial, viral, or fungal agents.
Administer prescribed antibiotics or antivirals exactly as directed; incomplete courses foster resistance and hinder recovery.
Provide a warm, draft‑free environment; temperature should remain between 68 °F and 75 °F (20 °C–24 °C) to support immune function.
Offer easily digestible, high‑calorie foods such as soft fruits, cooked eggs, or specialized recovery formulas; hydration must be maintained through fresh water and, if needed, electrolyte solutions.
Monitor vital signs twice daily; note changes in respiratory rate, mucus color, and behavior. Any deterioration, such as increased wheezing or collapse, warrants emergency veterinary care.

If symptoms persist beyond 48 hours despite treatment, reassessment is mandatory. Adjustments may include switching antibiotics, adding supportive therapies like nebulization, or conducting imaging studies to detect internal lesions. Prompt, systematic response maximizes the likelihood of full recovery.

Severe Breathing Difficulties

Severe breathing difficulties in a rat with a respiratory infection indicate that the airway is compromised and oxygen intake is reduced. Prompt recognition and intervention prevent further deterioration.

Observable signs include rapid or labored respiration, audible wheezing, nostril flaring, open‑mouth breathing, and reduced activity. Skin around the nose may appear pale or bluish, reflecting inadequate oxygenation.

Immediate steps:

Place the rat in a warm, quiet environment free of drafts.
Ensure the enclosure is at a temperature of 70‑75 °F (21‑24 °C) to ease airway dilation.
Offer a small amount of water; dehydration worsens mucus production.
Use a humidifier or a shallow dish of warm water to increase ambient humidity, loosening secretions.
Gently clear nasal passages with a soft, damp cotton swab; avoid deep insertion that could damage tissue.

If any of the following occur, veterinary assessment is mandatory:

Persistent open‑mouth breathing for more than a few minutes.
Cyanosis of the gums or extremities.
Inability to eat or drink.
Rapid weight loss or lethargy.

Veterinary treatment may involve:

Administration of a bronchodilator or mucolytic agent to open airways.
Antibiotic therapy targeting common bacterial pathogens.
Supplemental oxygen delivered via a small cage‑compatible system.
Fluid therapy to correct dehydration and support mucosal health.

Preventive measures reduce recurrence:

Maintain low humidity (40‑60 %) in the living area to discourage mold growth.
Provide high‑quality, balanced nutrition rich in vitamin C and antioxidants.
Conduct regular health checks to identify early signs of respiratory distress.
Isolate new rats for at least two weeks to monitor for illness before introduction to the main colony.

Loss of Balance or Convulsions

Loss of balance or convulsions in a rat that shows signs of a respiratory infection signal a potentially life‑threatening condition. These neurological signs often result from severe hypoxia, fever‑induced seizures, or secondary infections that affect the central nervous system. Immediate action is required to prevent irreversible damage.

First steps focus on stabilizing the animal and obtaining professional veterinary assistance:

Place the rat in a warm, quiet area to reduce stress and prevent further temperature loss.
Maintain ambient temperature between 24 °C and 27 °C using a heating pad set on low, covered with a soft cloth.
Monitor respiratory rate; rapid or labored breathing indicates worsening hypoxia.
Offer a small amount of warm, electrolyte‑enriched water using a syringe without a needle; avoid force‑feeding solid food.
Contact a qualified exotic‑pet veterinarian without delay; describe the onset of ataxia, tremors, or convulsive episodes.

Veterinary intervention typically includes:

Administration of injectable fluids to correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalance.
Antipyretic medication to lower fever, reducing the risk of seizure activity.
Broad‑spectrum antibiotics targeting common bacterial agents associated with secondary infections.
Anticonvulsant drugs, such as phenobarbital, when seizures persist despite supportive care.
Oxygen therapy, delivered via a small cage‑compatible mask, to improve tissue oxygenation.

After stabilization, continue supportive care at home:

Keep the cage dry and free of drafts.
Provide soft, easily digestible food (e.g., soaked pellets or baby food) in small, frequent portions.
Observe for recurrence of ataxia, tremors, or convulsions; any relapse warrants immediate veterinary reassessment.

Prompt recognition of balance loss or convulsive behavior, combined with rapid veterinary treatment, markedly improves the prognosis for rats suffering from severe respiratory illness.

Preparing for the Vet Visit

Gathering Information on Symptoms and Duration

Observing a rodent with respiratory distress begins with systematic documentation of visible signs. Record the onset date of each symptom, noting whether it appears suddenly or progresses gradually. Track the duration of each sign over consecutive days to distinguish a short‑term irritation from a developing infection.

Key indicators to monitor include:

Nasal discharge: color (clear, cloudy, blood‑tinged) and consistency.
Sneezing frequency: occasional versus persistent bouts.
Breathing pattern: presence of audible wheeze, labored effort, or open‑mouth respiration.
Activity level: reduced exploration, lethargy, or reluctance to climb.
Food and water intake: decline in consumption or refusal.
Body weight: measurable loss measured against baseline.

Collecting this data enables accurate assessment of illness severity and informs subsequent veterinary consultation. Consistent logging of symptom type, intensity, and timeline provides the foundation for effective treatment planning.

Transporting Your Rat Safely

Transporting a rat that shows signs of a cold requires careful handling to prevent stress and further respiratory compromise. The animal’s small size and delicate respiratory system make secure, temperature‑controlled movement essential for successful veterinary assessment or home care.

Place the rat in a well‑ventilated carrier that allows airflow but protects against drafts.
Line the carrier with soft, absorbent material to maintain body heat and absorb any discharge.
Keep the carrier at a stable, warm temperature; avoid exposure to cold rooms or direct sunlight.
Limit travel time; if a veterinary visit is necessary, plan the shortest route and minimize stops.
Handle the carrier gently; sudden movements can trigger respiratory distress.

During transport, monitor the rat for changes in breathing pattern, nasal discharge, or lethargy. If symptoms worsen, seek immediate veterinary attention. After arrival, allow the rat to settle in a quiet, warm area before any handling or examination. Proper transport reduces stress‑induced immunosuppression and supports recovery from respiratory illness.

Discussing Treatment Options and Prognosis

When a pet rat exhibits nasal discharge, sneezing, or reduced activity, immediate intervention focuses on alleviating respiratory distress and preventing secondary infection.

Supportive measures include:

Maintaining ambient temperature between 20–22 °C; avoid drafts and sudden temperature changes.
Providing fresh, clean water at all times; encourage fluid intake with droplet‑type dispensers.
Offering easily digestible, high‑protein foods to sustain energy reserves.
Enhancing humidity with a low‑output humidifier for 30–60 minutes twice daily, easing mucosal irritation.

Pharmacological options require veterinary assessment. If bacterial involvement is suspected, a veterinarian may prescribe a short course of a suitable antibiotic, such as enrofloxacin, administered according to weight‑based dosing guidelines. Antiviral agents are generally ineffective against common rodent rhinotracheitis viruses; therefore, treatment remains supportive.

Analgesics and anti‑inflammatory drugs, like meloxicam, may be employed to reduce discomfort, but only under professional supervision to avoid dosage errors.

Prognosis depends on the rat’s age, overall health, and promptness of care. Young or immunocompromised individuals face higher risk of complications, including pneumonia, which can markedly reduce survival odds. In otherwise healthy adults, timely supportive care combined with appropriate antimicrobial therapy yields recovery within 7–10 days, with most individuals returning to normal activity levels.

Persistent symptoms beyond ten days, worsening respiratory sounds, or weight loss necessitate immediate veterinary re‑evaluation to adjust treatment strategy and address potential complications.

Preventing Future Colds

Maintaining a Healthy Habitat

Regular Cage Cleaning and Disinfection

Regular cage cleaning reduces pathogen load and supports recovery for a rat suffering from a respiratory infection. Removing droppings, food residue, and wet bedding eliminates sources of bacteria and viruses that can aggravate congestion.

A cleaning routine should include:

Daily removal of soiled bedding and waste.
Weekly complete bedding change and thorough wipe‑down of all surfaces.
Bi‑weekly deep cleaning with disassembly of accessories, such as wheels and hideouts.

Disinfection follows each thorough cleaning. Use a veterinarian‑approved disinfectant diluted according to manufacturer instructions. Apply the solution to all cage components, allow the recommended contact time, then rinse with clean water and dry completely before reassembly. Avoid harsh chemicals that may irritate the rat’s respiratory tract.

Consistent implementation of these practices creates a sanitary environment, minimizing reinfection risk and facilitating faster symptom resolution.

Proper Ventilation

Proper ventilation is essential for a rodent recovering from respiratory illness. Fresh air reduces the concentration of pathogens and helps maintain optimal humidity levels, preventing the airway from becoming overly dry or moist.

Key practices include:

Position the cage in a well‑ventilated room away from direct drafts. A gentle cross‑flow of air should circulate without blowing directly on the animal.
Ensure the enclosure has mesh sides or a vented lid. The openings must be fine enough to prevent escape while allowing airflow.
Monitor temperature and humidity. Aim for 18‑22 °C and 40‑60 % relative humidity; adjust with a humidifier or dehumidifier as needed.
Clean the cage regularly to eliminate dust and dander that can irritate the respiratory tract. Replace bedding with low‑dust material such as paper pulp.

When setting up ventilation, avoid sealing the cage with plastic covers or heavy fabrics, as these trap stale air. Instead, use a breathable cover that can be lifted for brief periods of increased fresh air. Consistent, controlled airflow supports recovery and reduces the risk of secondary infections.

Avoiding Drafts and Sudden Temperature Changes

Rats suffering from respiratory infections are highly sensitive to temperature fluctuations. Exposure to drafts accelerates mucus production and can prolong recovery. To protect a sick rodent, keep the living area free from moving air currents and avoid rapid changes in ambient temperature.

Place the cage in a room with a constant temperature, ideally between 18 °C and 22 °C.
Seal gaps around windows, doors, and ventilation openings that allow cold air to enter.
Use a solid barrier, such as a cardboard shield, on the side of the cage that faces external drafts.
Adjust heating devices gradually; increase or decrease temperature in increments of no more than 2 °C over several hours.
Monitor the enclosure’s temperature with a digital thermometer and record readings at regular intervals.

If a heating source is required, choose a low‑wattage heat lamp or a ceramic heat emitter, and position it at a safe distance to prevent overheating. Maintain a consistent humidity level (40–60 %) to reduce nasal irritation without creating excess moisture that encourages mold growth.

«Avoid sudden temperature shifts by planning any changes during daylight hours when the environment is stable». This practice minimizes stress and supports the immune response, helping the rat recover more quickly.

Dietary Considerations and Stress Reduction

Balanced Diet and Supplements

A rat recovering from a respiratory infection requires nutrients that support immune function and tissue repair. A diet rich in high‑quality protein, essential fatty acids, and vitamins supplies the building blocks needed for faster healing.

Key components of an optimal feeding plan:

Protein sources such as cooked chicken, boiled egg, or commercial rat pellets with ≥18 % protein.
Fatty acids from small amounts of fish oil or flaxseed oil to reduce inflammation.
Vitamin C‑rich foods (e.g., bell pepper, broccoli) because rats cannot synthesize this antioxidant.
Vitamin A‑rich vegetables (e.g., carrots, sweet potato) to maintain mucosal integrity.
Zinc‑enhanced supplements, administered according to veterinary dosage, to promote immune cell activity.
Probiotic preparations containing Lactobacillus spp. to stabilize gut flora, which influences systemic immunity.

Supplement timing matters. Provide the full daily dose of vitamins and minerals in the morning, allowing absorption before the rat’s active period. Fatty‑acid supplements should be mixed into a small portion of wet food to prevent oxidation.

Hydration is equally critical. Offer fresh water enriched with electrolytes or a low‑sugar electrolyte solution, especially if nasal discharge reduces fluid intake.

Monitoring weight and appetite daily identifies nutritional deficiencies early. Adjust portions or supplement levels promptly under veterinary guidance to maintain steady weight gain and prevent relapse.

Minimizing Stressors in the Environment

A rat suffering from a respiratory infection experiences heightened symptoms when exposed to environmental stress. Reducing such stressors supports the immune response and speeds recovery.

Key stressors to address include:

Temperature fluctuations; maintain a stable ambient temperature between 68‑72 °F (20‑22 °C).
Loud noises; keep the enclosure in a quiet area away from household appliances.
Strong odors; avoid strong cleaning agents, perfumes, and scented bedding.
Overcrowding; house a single rat or limit companions to a manageable group.
Inadequate lighting; provide a consistent light‑dark cycle of approximately 12 hours each.

Practical measures:

Place the cage on a stable surface, away from drafts and direct sunlight.
Use low‑noise heating pads or ceramic heat emitters to supplement warmth without generating sound.
Select unscented, dust‑free bedding such as paper or aspen shavings.
Clean the enclosure with mild, fragrance‑free solutions; rinse thoroughly to eliminate residues.
Monitor the cage daily for signs of stress, adjusting conditions promptly.

Maintaining a calm, predictable environment minimizes physiological strain, allowing the rat’s body to focus on healing.

Introducing New Rats Gradually

When a rat recovering from a respiratory infection is exposed to unfamiliar companions, abrupt contact can trigger stress‑induced relapse or spread of pathogens. Gradual introduction minimizes these risks and supports a smoother recovery.

Quarantine the newcomer for at least seven days, monitoring for signs of illness such as sneezing, nasal discharge, or lethargy.
Exchange bedding or nesting material between the sick rat’s enclosure and the quarantine cage for 24‑48 hours to allow scent familiarisation.
Conduct short, supervised visual encounters through a solid barrier (e.g., a clear acrylic divider) for several minutes each day, extending the duration as both animals display calm behaviour.
After successful barrier sessions, allow limited supervised interactions in a neutral, clean space, observing for aggression or respiratory distress.
Once mutual tolerance is evident, integrate the rats permanently, maintaining a clean environment and providing fresh food and water.

Consistent observation during each phase ensures that any resurgence of respiratory symptoms is detected early, enabling prompt veterinary intervention and preserving the health of the entire colony.