Why does a rat squeak at another rat? - briefly
Rats emit high‑frequency squeaks to signal distress, aggression, or territorial warning to other rats. The sound alerts the recipient and can provoke a defensive or submissive response.
Why does a rat squeak at another rat? - in detail
Rats produce high‑frequency squeaks when they encounter another rat to convey specific information about their internal state and intentions. These vocalizations fall into two main categories: alarm calls and aggressive signals.
Alarm calls are emitted when a rat perceives a threat, such as the presence of a predator or an unfamiliar intruder. The sound is brief, typically lasting 10–50 ms, and carries a frequency between 22 and 50 kHz. The purpose is to alert nearby conspecifics and to trigger escape or freezing behavior. Studies using playback experiments show that listeners increase locomotor activity and seek shelter upon hearing these calls.
Aggressive signals arise during territorial disputes, competition for food, or mating opportunities. In these contexts, rats emit longer, lower‑frequency squeaks (approximately 18–30 kHz) accompanied by distinctive body postures—raised fur, lunging, and direct stare. The acoustic pattern signals dominance and warns the opponent to withdraw. If the rival persists, the vocalization may intensify, leading to physical confrontation.
The production mechanism involves the laryngeal muscles and airflow modulation. Neural control originates in the periaqueductal gray and the amygdala, regions linked to emotional processing. Activation of these areas during stress or aggression triggers rapid vocal fold vibration, generating the audible squeak.
Research employing electrophysiological recordings indicates that the acoustic structure varies with the rat’s physiological arousal level. Higher cortisol concentrations correlate with increased call amplitude and frequency modulation, enhancing the signal’s reach and urgency.
In summary, a rat's squeak directed at another rat functions as a precise communication tool, distinguishing between warning of danger and asserting dominance. The acoustic characteristics, neural pathways, and hormonal influences together ensure that the message is efficiently transmitted and interpreted within the rodent social network.