"Shelter" - what is it, definition of the term
A shelter is a built or natural enclosure that isolates rats or mice from predators, weather, and resource scarcity, thereby maintaining body temperature, preventing dehydration, and supporting reproduction within a confined, safe environment.
Detailed information
Rats and mice require secure, insulated structures that protect them from predators, weather extremes, and disease vectors. Effective housing must combine durability, ease of cleaning, and appropriate ventilation.
The primary components of a rodent refuge include:
- Framework – sturdy metal or thick plastic panels welded or screwed together to prevent gnawing. Reinforced corners add resistance to forced entry.
- Walls and floor – smooth, non‑porous surfaces such as high‑density polyethylene or stainless steel. These materials resist bacterial growth and facilitate disinfection.
- Roof – overlapping panels with a slight overhang to shed rain and snow, reducing moisture infiltration.
- Ventilation – filtered openings positioned near the top of the enclosure to allow airflow while excluding insects and dust. Adjustable vents enable temperature control.
- Access points – lockable doors equipped with bite‑resistant hinges. Quick‑release mechanisms simplify routine inspections without compromising security.
Environmental considerations are essential for maintaining rodent health:
- Temperature regulation – insulated walls and a sealed roof maintain a stable internal climate between 18 °C and 24 °C. In colder regions, supplemental heating pads with thermostatic control prevent hypothermia.
- Humidity control – moisture‑absorbing substrates and proper ventilation keep relative humidity below 60 %, limiting fungal growth and respiratory issues.
- Lighting – low‑intensity, red‑spectrum bulbs replicate nocturnal conditions, reducing stress while allowing observation during routine checks.
Sanitation practices must be systematic:
- Remove waste and soiled bedding weekly; replace with fresh, absorbent material such as shredded paper.
- Disinfect surfaces bi‑weekly using a diluted chlorine solution (1 % concentration) followed by thorough rinsing.
- Inspect structural integrity monthly; replace any compromised panels or seals immediately.
Safety features protect the occupants from external threats:
- Predator barriers – double‑layered mesh with a 1 mm aperture prevents entry by snakes, ferrets, or larger mammals.
- Escape prevention – all seams sealed with silicone sealant; floor edges recessed by at least 2 cm to discourage climbing out.
When selecting a refuge for laboratory or breeding purposes, prioritize models that comply with recognized animal welfare standards, such as the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Compliance ensures that the enclosure meets criteria for space allocation, enrichment provision, and humane handling.