What to line the bottom of a rat cage with? - briefly
Use absorbent, dust‑free bedding such as aspen shavings, recycled paper pellets, or compressed paper strips. Avoid pine or cedar, which release aromatic oils that can irritate the respiratory system.
What to line the bottom of a rat cage with? - in detail
A suitable substrate for the base of a rodent enclosure must be absorbent, low‑dust, non‑toxic, and easy to replace. Paper‑based products (recycled paper pellets, shredded paper, or commercial paper bedding) meet these criteria; they soak up moisture, produce minimal airborne particles, and are safe if ingested in small amounts. Aspen shavings are another viable option: they are hardwood, low in aromatic oils, and provide a natural feel, though they generate more waste volume than paper.
Corncob bedding offers high absorbency and moderate durability, but it can become brittle when dry and may contain mold if stored improperly. Hemp bedding combines absorbency with a longer usable life; it is biodegradable and has low dust, though it is typically more expensive. For laboratories or facilities requiring strict contamination control, a thin layer of absorbent paper placed over a removable plastic tray provides a sterile surface that can be discarded whole after use.
A practical layering strategy includes:
- A bottom tray or sheet of heavy‑duty plastic to catch spills and protect the cage floor.
- A 1–2 inch layer of the chosen bedding material.
- Optional top layer of clean paper towel or tissue for additional absorbency and easier spot cleaning.
Cleaning frequency depends on the bedding type and colony size. Paper‑based substrates should be changed completely every 1–2 weeks, while hardwood shavings may require weekly replacement. Spot cleaning (removing soiled portions) should occur daily to prevent ammonia buildup and odor.
Materials to avoid include cedar and pine shavings, which release phenols that can irritate the respiratory system, and sand, which retains moisture and creates high dust levels. Selecting a substrate that balances hygiene, animal comfort, and cost ensures a healthy environment for the rats and simplifies cage maintenance.