What should you know about domestic rats? - briefly
Pet rats are highly social mammals that thrive on regular interaction, mental stimulation, and a balanced diet of commercial pellets, fresh vegetables, and occasional protein treats. They require routine veterinary care, a secure cage with climbing space, and protection from common ailments such as respiratory infections and tumors.
What should you know about domestic rats? - in detail
Domestic rats kept as pets are typically the brown (Rattus norvegicus) or fancy varieties derived from it. They reach maturity at 5–7 weeks, live 2–3 years on average, and can weigh 300–500 g. Their social nature makes them thrive in pairs or small groups; isolation often leads to stress‑induced health problems.
Essential care components
- Housing – Provide a multi‑level cage with a solid floor, at least 2 sq ft per animal. Use chew‑proof bars, secure latches, and a bedding material such as paper pulp or aspen shavings. Include nesting material (cotton, shredded paper) and hiding places.
- Nutrition – Offer a balanced commercial rodent pellet as the staple. Supplement with fresh vegetables (broccoli, carrots, kale) and occasional fruit (apple, banana). Limit treats to no more than 10 % of daily intake. Ensure constant access to clean water via a sipper bottle.
- Health monitoring – Observe for signs of respiratory distress (nasal discharge, wheezing), skin lesions, or abnormal grooming. Regularly trim nails and check teeth; overgrown incisors require filing. Schedule veterinary examinations with a small‑animal practitioner experienced in rodents.
- Enrichment – Rotate toys, tunnels, and chew items (untreated wood, cardboard) to prevent boredom. Provide opportunities for climbing and foraging by scattering food in a digging substrate.
- Reproduction – Females can become pregnant within 24 hours of mating. Gestation lasts 21–23 days, producing litters of 6–12 pups. Manage breeding responsibly to avoid overpopulation; consider adoption or neutering.
Legal and ethical considerations include compliance with local regulations regarding rodent ownership and ensuring humane treatment. Proper sanitation—weekly cage cleaning, spot cleaning daily—reduces odor and disease risk. Consistent handling from a young age builds trust and facilitates gentle interaction.
By adhering to these guidelines, owners can maintain healthy, active rats that provide companionship and exhibit complex, inquisitive behavior.