What should you do if a rat bites you? - briefly
Clean the bite with soap and water, apply pressure to stop any bleeding, and promptly seek medical evaluation for infection risk and possible rabies or tetanus prophylaxis.
What should you do if a rat bites you? - in detail
If a rat bites you, act immediately to reduce infection risk and obtain proper medical care.
First, stop any bleeding. Apply firm pressure with a clean cloth or sterile gauze for several minutes until bleeding ceases. If the wound continues to bleed heavily, seek emergency assistance.
Second, cleanse the wound. Rinse the area under running water for at least one minute. Use mild soap around the bite, avoiding direct contact with the wound itself. Pat dry with a disposable towel.
Third, disinfect. Apply an antiseptic solution such as povidone‑iodine or chlorhexidine. Cover the site with a sterile, non‑adhesive dressing to protect it from contaminants.
Fourth, assess the need for professional treatment. Contact a healthcare provider promptly for the following reasons:
- Evaluation for rabies exposure, especially if the rat was wild or the bite occurred in an area where rabies is present.
- Assessment of tetanus immunization status; a booster may be required if the last dose was administered more than five years ago.
- Consideration of antibiotic therapy to prevent bacterial infection (e.g., Streptobacillus moniliformis or Pasteurella species).
Fifth, monitor for signs of infection. Watch for increasing redness, swelling, warmth, pus, or fever. If any of these symptoms develop, return to a medical professional without delay.
Finally, document the incident. Record the date, time, location, circumstances of the bite, and any identifying information about the animal. This information assists healthcare providers in making informed decisions about prophylaxis and reporting requirements.
Following these steps minimizes complications and ensures appropriate medical response after a rat bite.