What should be done if a rat has pneumonia? - briefly
Seek veterinary care immediately; administer prescribed antibiotics and supportive treatments such as warmth, hydration, and oxygen as directed. Monitor recovery closely and follow all follow‑up instructions.
What should be done if a rat has pneumonia? - in detail
When a pet rat shows signs of respiratory distress—labored breathing, nasal discharge, wheezing, or lethargy—prompt action is required.
First, separate the affected animal from other rodents to prevent possible spread of infectious agents. Provide a warm, low‑stress environment: a cage with soft bedding, low temperature drafts, and easy access to food and water.
Next, seek professional veterinary care without delay. A qualified small‑animal veterinarian will perform a physical exam and may request diagnostic tests such as thoracic radiographs, complete blood count, and microbial cultures to identify the causative pathogen (bacterial, viral, or fungal).
Based on test results, the veterinarian will prescribe an appropriate antimicrobial regimen. Common choices include fluoroquinolones (e.g., enrofloxacin) or macrolides (e.g., azithromycin) administered at dosages adjusted for the rat’s weight. Treatment duration typically ranges from 7 to 14 days, but follow‑up examinations are essential to confirm resolution.
Supportive measures accompany drug therapy:
- Fluid therapy: subcutaneous or intraperitoneal administration of sterile saline to counter dehydration.
- Nutritional support: high‑calorie, easily digestible foods such as soft pellets, boiled eggs, or commercial rodent formula.
- Temperature regulation: a heat source set to 30–32 °C helps maintain body temperature and reduces metabolic strain.
- Oxygen supplementation: if severe hypoxia is present, the veterinarian may provide supplemental oxygen via a small mask or chamber.
Monitor the rat closely throughout treatment. Record respiratory rate, nasal discharge, appetite, and activity level at least twice daily. Any worsening—such as increased breathing effort, cyanosis, or refusal to eat—warrants immediate veterinary reassessment.
After clinical recovery, implement preventive steps to lower recurrence risk:
- Keep the habitat clean, replace bedding regularly, and disinfect surfaces with a rodent‑safe solution.
- Ensure adequate ventilation without drafts.
- Provide a balanced diet rich in vitamin C to support immune function.
- Avoid exposing the rat to other sick animals or stressful conditions.
By following isolation, veterinary intervention, targeted antimicrobial therapy, supportive care, and strict hygiene, the likelihood of a successful outcome rises significantly.