What is the name of poison for mice and rats? - briefly
The principal rodenticide employed against mice and rats is bromadiolone, a second‑generation anticoagulant. It disrupts blood clotting, causing fatal internal bleeding.
What is the name of poison for mice and rats? - in detail
Rodent control products are commonly referred to as rodenticides. The most widely used categories include anticoagulant compounds, neurotoxins, phosphides, and vitamin‑D analogues. Each class has a specific active ingredient, mode of action, and regulatory status.
Anticoagulant rodenticides block the synthesis of vitamin K‑dependent clotting factors, causing internal bleeding. First‑generation agents such as warfarin and chlorophacinone require multiple feedings to be lethal. Second‑generation compounds—bromadiolone, difenacoum, difethialone, and brodifacoum—are more potent, often effective after a single dose, and persist longer in animal tissue.
Bromethalin disrupts mitochondrial function, leading to cerebral edema and eventual death. It is classified as a neurotoxic rodenticide and is effective against resistant populations that tolerate anticoagulants.
Zinc phosphide reacts with gastric acid to release phosphine gas, a potent respiratory poison. This inorganic agent acts rapidly and is favored in outdoor bait stations where non‑target exposure must be minimized.
Strychnine, a classic alkaloid, causes severe muscular convulsions by antagonizing inhibitory neurotransmission. Its use is heavily restricted due to high toxicity to humans and wildlife.
Cholecalciferol (vitamin D₃) induces hypercalcemia, resulting in kidney failure and cardiac arrhythmia. It is considered a second‑generation rodenticide with a delayed lethal effect, reducing bait aversion.
Regulatory frameworks, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Union’s Biocidal Products Regulation, classify these substances into categories based on acute toxicity and environmental risk. Labels require specific handling instructions, bait placement guidelines, and restrictions on residential use for the most hazardous compounds.
Effective deployment involves selecting a product that matches the target species, resistance profile, and exposure environment while complying with local legislation and safety protocols.