What is a black rat called? - briefly
The black rat, scientific name Rattus rattus, is commonly referred to as the ship rat or roof rat.
What is a black rat called? - in detail
The species commonly known as the black rat carries the scientific designation Rattus rattus. It is also referred to as the ship rat, roof rat, or house rat, reflecting its frequent association with human structures and maritime trade.
Taxonomically, Rattus rattus belongs to the family Muridae, order Rodentia. It shares the genus Rattus with several other rat species, most notably the brown rat (Rattus norvegicus).
Key characteristics include:
- Fur coloration: Dark brown to black dorsal coat, lighter ventral fur.
- Body size: Head‑body length 16–22 cm; tail length roughly equal to or slightly longer than the body.
- Tail: Scaly, hairless, often longer than the head‑body measurement.
- Reproductive rate: Breeding can occur year‑round in warm climates; gestation lasts about 21–23 days, producing 5–10 pups per litter.
Geographically, the black rat originated in Asia and spread worldwide via ships, establishing populations on most continents except Antarctica. It thrives in tropical and subtropical regions, preferring arboreal habitats, attics, and roof spaces, which explains the “roof rat” moniker.
Synonyms appearing in older literature include Mus rattus and Rattus norvegicus (incorrectly applied in some contexts). Modern taxonomic references consistently use Rattus rattus.
In summary, the black rat is scientifically identified as Rattus rattus and is commonly called the ship rat, roof rat, or house rat, each name highlighting a different aspect of its ecology and relationship with human environments.