What diseases do domestic mice have? - briefly
Domestic mice are prone to infectious, hereditary, and neoplastic disorders. Common conditions include viral infections such as mousepox and Sendai virus, bacterial diseases like Salmonella and Pasteurella, parasitic infestations (pinworms, fur mites), fungal skin infections, genetic defects (muscular dystrophy, retinal degeneration), and various tumors (lymphomas, sarcomas).
What diseases do domestic mice have? - in detail
Domestic mice are susceptible to a wide range of pathogens that can affect their respiratory, gastrointestinal, dermal, and systemic health. Bacterial agents frequently encountered include Mycoplasma pulmonis, which causes chronic respiratory disease characterized by sneezing, nasal discharge, and lung inflammation; Pasteurella pneumotropica, associated with conjunctivitis, otitis, and septicemia; and Salmonella spp., which may produce diarrhea and fever and pose a zoonotic risk. Viral infections commonly observed are mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a coronavirus that induces hepatitis, enteritis, and encephalitis; Sendai virus, a paramyxovirus causing severe pneumonia; and murine norovirus, leading to enteric disease and occasional systemic signs.
Parasitic infestations are prevalent in pet colonies. External parasites such as Myobia musculi (fur mites) and Polyplax serrata (lice) produce pruritus, hair loss, and skin irritation. Internal parasites include the pinworm Syphacia obvelata and the protozoan Giardia duodenalis, both causing weight loss, diarrhea, and poor condition. Fungal infections, though less common, appear as dermatophyte dermatitis (e.g., Trichophyton mentagrophytes) and systemic candidiasis in immunocompromised individuals.
Metabolic and nutritional disorders arise from improper diet or husbandry. Hypoglycemia is a risk in young or underfed mice, presenting with lethargy and seizures. Obesity, resulting from high‑calorie feeds, predisposes to fatty liver disease and cardiovascular strain. Vitamin deficiencies, particularly of A and D, lead to ocular degeneration and skeletal abnormalities.
Neoplastic conditions develop with increasing age. Lymphoma is the most frequent malignant tumor, often manifesting as enlarged lymph nodes and weight loss. Mammary adenocarcinomas occur in females, while hepatocellular carcinoma and renal adenomas are reported in both sexes. Benign growths such as lipomas and fibromas are also observed.
Genetic predispositions influence disease susceptibility. Certain inbred strains exhibit hereditary cataracts, retinal degeneration, or immune deficiencies that heighten vulnerability to infections. Monitoring colony health, maintaining strict sanitation, providing balanced nutrition, and implementing routine veterinary examinations are essential for preventing and managing these ailments.