What can you contract from mice in the house? - briefly
Mice can transmit hantavirus, salmonella, leptospirosis, Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, and other bacterial or viral infections.
What can you contract from mice in the house? - in detail
Mice living inside a residence act as carriers of several infectious agents that can affect human health. Direct contact with droppings, urine, saliva, or contaminated food surfaces provides the primary route of transmission.
- Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome – virus shed in urine and feces; inhalation of aerosolized particles can cause fever, muscle aches, and rapid respiratory failure. Mortality rates reach 30‑40 % without prompt medical care.
- Leptospirosis – spirochete bacteria present in urine; skin abrasions or mucous membranes exposed to contaminated water or surfaces may develop high fever, jaundice, and kidney dysfunction. Antibiotic therapy reduces severity.
- Salmonellosis – bacteria colonize the gastrointestinal tract of mice; ingestion of food tainted by feces leads to abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and fever. Hydration and antibiotics are standard treatments.
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) – virus transmitted through mouse urine, droppings, or nesting material; entry via inhalation or mucous membranes can cause flu‑like symptoms, meningitis, or encephalitis, particularly dangerous for pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals.
- Rat‑bite fever (Streptobacillus moniliformis) – although more common in rats, mice can harbor the bacterium; bites or scratches introduce it, producing fever, rash, and joint pain. Penicillin‑based regimens are effective.
- Bacterial infections from opportunistic pathogens – Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus species may contaminate surfaces, leading to skin infections or septic complications after wounds contact mouse‑contaminated material.
In addition to these pathogens, mouse infestations increase exposure to allergens and ectoparasites. Proteins in urine and dander provoke allergic rhinitis and asthma in sensitive individuals. Mites and fleas that hitch rides on mice can bite humans, causing dermatitis and secondary bacterial infections.
Preventive measures include sealing entry points, maintaining strict sanitation, using traps or professional pest control, and wearing protective gloves and masks when cleaning areas with visible droppings. Early medical evaluation is essential if symptoms consistent with the listed illnesses appear after known exposure.