What can and cannot be fed to a domestic rat? - briefly
Domesticated rats thrive on a diet of high‑quality rodent pellets supplemented with small portions of fresh vegetables (carrots, leafy greens, broccoli), occasional fruit, cooked lean protein, and whole grains. Foods to avoid include chocolate, caffeine, alcohol, sugary snacks, raw beans, excessive citrus, and high‑fat or heavily processed human foods.
What can and cannot be fed to a domestic rat? - in detail
Domestic rats thrive on a diet that reflects their omnivorous nature, combining commercial pellets with fresh foods, protein sources, and limited treats.
Safe staples include high‑quality rat pellets formulated for small rodents; these provide essential vitamins, minerals, and balanced macronutrients. Fresh vegetables such as carrots, broccoli, kale, spinach, and bell peppers supply fiber and micronutrients. Fruits—apple (seedless), berries, melon, and banana—can be offered in small portions due to natural sugar content. Protein can be supplied through cooked eggs, plain boiled chicken, lean turkey, or low‑fat cottage cheese; these should be unseasoned and free of additives. Small amounts of nuts (unsalted almonds, peanuts) and seeds (sunflower, pumpkin) serve as occasional enrichment.
Foods to avoid completely are those that pose toxic, digestive, or choking hazards. Chocolate, caffeine, and nicotine are lethal. Raw or undercooked beans contain lectins that damage the gastrointestinal tract. Citrus fruits, onions, garlic, and leeks can cause hemolytic anemia. Processed snacks high in salt, sugar, or artificial flavors, as well as fatty meats, lead to obesity and liver issues. Small hard objects—bones, pits, and seeds with shells—risk intestinal blockage.
Guidelines for portion control: commercial pellets should constitute the majority of daily intake, roughly 10–15 g per 100 g of body weight. Fresh vegetables and fruits together should not exceed 20 % of total calories, divided into two servings per day. Protein treats are limited to 5 % of the diet, offered no more than three times weekly. Water must be available at all times, preferably in a bottle with a stainless‑steel sipper to maintain cleanliness.
Storage recommendations: dry pellets keep in airtight containers away from moisture. Fresh produce should be washed, trimmed of any bruised parts, and stored in the refrigerator for up to three days. Cooked protein sources are safe for 24 hours when refrigerated; discard any leftovers after that period.
Monitoring health indicators—steady weight, active behavior, clean fur, and normal stool—helps identify dietary issues early. Adjustments to the diet should be made gradually to avoid gastrointestinal upset.