What are the most common diseases in rats? - briefly
Rats commonly develop respiratory infections (e.g., Mycoplasma pulmonis), gastrointestinal parasites such as pinworms, and metabolic disorders like diabetes and obesity. Other frequent ailments include skin lesions, various tumors, and viral infections such as Sendai virus.
What are the most common diseases in rats? - in detail
Rats frequently suffer from several well‑characterized conditions that impact both laboratory colonies and pet populations.
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Respiratory infections – primarily caused by Mycoplasma pulmonis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Early signs include nasal discharge, sneezing, and labored breathing. Diagnosis relies on culture or PCR of nasal swabs; treatment combines macrolide antibiotics with supportive care.
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Gastrointestinal parasites – Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm) and Syphacia muris (pinworm) are common. Infected animals display weight loss, rough fur, and occasional diarrhea. Fecal flotation identifies eggs; ivermectin or fenbendazole regimens eliminate the parasites.
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Dermatophytosis (ringworm) – dermatophyte fungi such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes infect the skin, producing alopecia and crusty lesions. Wood’s lamp examination and fungal culture confirm infection; topical antifungals and systemic griseofulvin are effective.
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Salmonellosis – Salmonella enterica serovars cause enteritis with watery diarrhea, dehydration, and sometimes septicemia. Culture of feces or blood confirms the pathogen; fluoroquinolones or third‑generation cephalosporins are indicated, along with fluid therapy.
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Tyzzer’s disease – Clostridium piliforme produces hepatic necrosis, leading to lethargy, anorexia, and sudden death. Histopathology of liver tissue shows characteristic basophilic inclusions; no specific therapy exists, making strict sanitation the primary preventive measure.
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Cataracts and retinal degeneration – age‑related ocular disorders result in vision loss. Clinical examination reveals clouded lenses or diminished fundus reflex. No curative treatment is available; environmental enrichment and hazard‑free housing mitigate injury risk.
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Neoplastic conditions – mammary adenocarcinoma and pituitary adenoma occur with notable frequency in older females. Palpable masses, abnormal hormone profiles, and weight changes signal disease. Surgical excision, chemotherapy, or hormonal therapy may be employed depending on tumor type and stage.
Effective management requires routine health monitoring, quarantine of new arrivals, and adherence to biosecurity protocols. Vaccination options are limited; therefore, prevention focuses on environmental control, proper nutrition, and regular veterinary assessment.