How should I feed a pregnant rat? - briefly
Provide a nutritionally complete rodent chow enriched with extra protein (e.g., soy or whey) and calcium sources, and supplement it with fresh vegetables, a small amount of hard‑boiled egg, and unlimited clean water. Avoid sugary or high‑fat treats and monitor intake to ensure the dam maintains steady weight gain throughout gestation.
How should I feed a pregnant rat? - in detail
A pregnant laboratory rat requires a diet that supplies additional calories, protein, vitamins, and minerals to support fetal development and maternal health. Commercial rodent chow formulated for breeding females is the most reliable base; it typically contains 18–20 % protein, adequate fat (4–5 %), and a balanced vitamin‑mineral mix. Ensure the feed is fresh, stored in a dry container, and offered ad libitum to prevent competition among cage mates.
Supplementary energy sources can be added once gestation progresses. Small portions of plain boiled egg, low‑fat cottage cheese, or a few pieces of fresh fruit (e.g., apple, banana) provide extra calories without excess sugar. Offer these treats in limited amounts (no more than 5 % of total daily intake) to avoid obesity.
Key micronutrients must be monitored:
- Calcium: Provide a calcium‑rich supplement such as powdered calcium carbonate or a mineral block. Aim for 1.2 % calcium in the overall diet.
- Phosphorus: Maintain a calcium‑to‑phosphorus ratio of approximately 2:1.
- Vitamin E and C: Include a vitamin supplement or feed enriched with antioxidants to reduce oxidative stress.
- Folic acid: Ensure the diet contains at least 2 mg kg⁻¹ of folic acid to support neural tube formation.
Water must be continuously available, clean, and free of contaminants. Change bottles daily and check for leaks.
Feeding schedule:
- Day 0–10 (early gestation): Standard breeding chow, ad libitum.
- Day 11–21 (mid‑late gestation): Continue chow, add limited high‑energy treats, introduce calcium supplement.
- Day 22–delivery: Reduce bulkier foods, maintain nutrient density, monitor weight gain (approximately 5–7 g total increase).
Observe the dam for signs of over‑ or under‑nutrition: rapid weight gain, lethargy, or poor coat condition indicate adjustment of feed quantity or composition. Record daily food intake and body weight to track progress.
After parturition, transition to a lactation diet with higher protein (22–24 %) and increased fat (6–7 %) to meet the demands of milk production. Continue calcium and vitamin supplementation throughout nursing.