How should domestic rats be cared for? - briefly
Provide appropriate care by offering a spacious cage with safe bedding, a balanced diet of quality pellets supplemented with fresh vegetables and occasional protein, and continuous access to fresh water. Schedule regular health checks, keep the environment clean, and supply enrichment items to promote natural behaviors.
How should domestic rats be cared for? - in detail
Domestic rats thrive when provided with a secure enclosure, balanced nutrition, regular health checks, and mental stimulation.
A suitable cage must be spacious enough for active movement; a minimum of 0.5 m² floor space per pair is recommended. Use a solid base with a deep layer of absorbent bedding such as paper pulp or aspen shavings, replacing it weekly to control odor and moisture. Include a solid hideaway, a climbing platform, and a tunnel to satisfy natural exploratory behavior.
Nutrition should consist of a high‑quality laboratory‑grade pellet formulated for rats, supplemented with fresh vegetables (e.g., carrots, broccoli, leafy greens) and occasional protein sources (hard‑boiled egg, cooked chicken). Limit fruit to small portions due to sugar content. Provide constant access to clean water in a sipper bottle, refilling and cleaning it daily.
Health maintenance includes daily observation for changes in coat, eyes, or behavior. Schedule a veterinary examination at least once a year, and promptly address signs of respiratory distress, skin lesions, or abnormal discharge. Implement a routine of nail trimming when claws extend beyond the pads, and monitor teeth for overgrowth; provide chew toys such as untreated wood blocks to promote natural wear.
Mental enrichment is achieved through regular interaction and environmental variation. Rotate toys, introduce safe tunnels, and offer puzzle feeders to encourage foraging. Handle rats gently, supporting the body and allowing them to explore the hand, which reduces stress and strengthens the bond.
Common issues such as tail injuries, mite infestations, and dental problems can be prevented by maintaining clean bedding, inspecting the coat for parasites, and ensuring a diet that encourages proper tooth wear. Prompt treatment with appropriate medication, prescribed by a veterinarian, restores health and prevents recurrence.
Consistent application of these practices results in a healthy, active, and sociable pet rat.