How should a house rat be cared for? - briefly
Provide a spacious, escape‑proof cage with solid flooring, regular cleaning, and a balanced diet of commercial rat pellets, fresh vegetables, and occasional protein treats. Ensure daily social interaction, enrichment toys, and routine veterinary check‑ups to maintain health.
How should a house rat be cared for? - in detail
A pet rat requires a secure enclosure, balanced nutrition, mental stimulation, regular health checks, and proper handling.
The cage should be made of solid walls and a lockable door, with a minimum floor area of 0.5 m² for a single animal. Provide a solid base covered with absorbent bedding such as paper strips; avoid pine or cedar, which contain oils harmful to the respiratory system. Include a hideout, a climbing structure, and a solid-surface wheel to accommodate natural foraging and exercise behaviors.
Feed a diet consisting of a high‑quality commercial rat mix supplemented with fresh vegetables (e.g., broccoli, carrots, leafy greens) and occasional protein sources such as boiled egg or mealworms. Offer a small amount of fruit no more than twice weekly to prevent excess sugar. Fresh water must be available at all times in a sipper bottle that is cleaned and refilled daily.
Enrichment is essential. Rotate toys, tunnels, and chewable items (untreated wood blocks, cardboard tubes) every few days to prevent boredom. Provide opportunities for foraging by scattering small food portions in the bedding.
Handle the animal gently, supporting its hindquarters and allowing it to climb onto the hand. Limit initial sessions to a few minutes, extending the duration as the rat becomes accustomed to human contact. Regular handling reduces stress and strengthens the bond.
Maintain hygiene by spot‑cleaning soiled bedding daily and performing a full cage change weekly. Wash all accessories with mild, unscented soap and rinse thoroughly.
Schedule veterinary examinations at least twice a year. A qualified exotic‑pet veterinarian should assess weight, dental health, and check for common conditions such as respiratory infections, tumors, and parasites. Prompt treatment of any abnormalities prevents serious complications.
Monitor the rat’s health daily: observe appetite, activity level, coat condition, and droppings. Any sudden changes warrant immediate professional evaluation.
By adhering to these guidelines—adequate housing, proper diet, environmental enrichment, careful handling, rigorous sanitation, and routine veterinary care—a domestic rat can thrive in a home environment.