How many mice does a mouse give birth to? - briefly
A female mouse usually gives birth to a litter of five to ten pups, averaging around six to eight offspring per delivery.
How many mice does a mouse give birth to? - in detail
Mice typically produce litters ranging from three to twelve offspring, with the average falling between five and seven. The exact number depends on species, age, health, and environmental conditions.
- Common house mouse (Mus musculus): average 6–8 pups per litter; extremes of 12 have been recorded.
- Field mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus): average 4–6 pups; larger litters up to 10 are rare.
- Deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus): average 5–7 pups; occasional litters of 9.
Key factors influencing litter size:
- Maternal age: prime reproductive age (2–4 months) yields the largest litters; very young or older females produce fewer pups.
- Nutrition: abundant protein and energy intake correlate with higher offspring counts.
- Season: longer daylight periods and warmer temperatures often increase litter size.
- Genetics: selective breeding can raise average numbers, as seen in laboratory strains designed for high fecundity.
Gestation lasts approximately 19–21 days, after which the female can become pregnant again within a few days, allowing multiple litters per year. In optimal conditions, a single female may generate three to five litters annually, potentially producing 30–40 offspring over her reproductive lifespan.