How does a rat bite? - briefly
A rat bites by closing its sharp incisors, producing a swift, puncturing grip that can pierce skin and cause tearing. The bite usually involves a brief hold and may introduce saliva that carries pathogens.
How does a rat bite? - in detail
Rats bite by closing their powerful jaw muscles around a target, using sharp incisors that continuously grow. The bite sequence involves three stages:
- Approach and grasp – the animal lunges, locking its front teeth onto the skin or fur. The incisors, positioned at the front of the mouth, are angled downward, allowing a deep puncture.
- Compression – the temporalis and masseter muscles contract, exerting pressure of up to 120 psi. This force crushes tissue and can sever small blood vessels.
- Release – after a brief hold, the rat disengages, often shaking the wound to maximize tissue damage.
The resulting injury typically appears as a small puncture surrounded by a ragged laceration. Saliva contains bacteria such as Streptobacillus moniliformis and Leptospira spp., which can enter the bloodstream during the bite. Immediate care includes:
- Cleaning the wound with soap and water.
- Applying an antiseptic solution.
- Covering with a sterile dressing.
- Seeking medical evaluation for possible antibiotics and tetanus booster.
Behavioral triggers for biting include fear, territorial defense, and competition for food. Rats are more likely to bite when cornered, handled improperly, or exposed to sudden stimuli. Understanding the anatomy of the rodent’s jaw and the circumstances that provoke aggression helps prevent injuries and informs appropriate first‑aid measures.