How does a rat behave during pregnancy? - briefly
Pregnant females reduce locomotor activity, devote more time to building and maintaining a nest, and display decreased aggression toward other rats. Their appetite increases, leading to gradual weight gain, while hormonal shifts promote a calmer, more sedentary demeanor.
How does a rat behave during pregnancy? - in detail
Pregnant rats undergo distinct physiological and behavioral shifts that facilitate fetal development and preparation for offspring care. Early in gestation, hormone-driven changes increase appetite, leading to a gradual rise in food consumption of up to 30 % above baseline. Protein‑rich and high‑energy foods become preferred, supporting rapid embryonic growth.
Physical alterations include abdominal enlargement, mammary gland development, and a slight increase in body weight. These changes are accompanied by heightened sensitivity to tactile stimulation, especially around the ventral region, prompting frequent grooming.
Nest‑building activity intensifies as parturition approaches. Rats collect soft bedding, shredded paper, and other insulating materials, arranging them into a compact, warm structure. This behavior typically peaks during the last 24–48 hours before delivery.
Activity patterns shift noticeably. Overall locomotion declines by 15–20 % in the second half of gestation, while time spent stationary in the nest rises. Nonetheless, exploratory behavior remains sufficient to locate additional food sources and maintain environmental awareness.
Social interactions with cage mates become more selective. Aggressive encounters decrease, and pregnant individuals exhibit reduced mating attempts, reflecting hormonal suppression of estrous cycles.
Key behaviors during the final days include:
- Frequent posture changes to adjust nest temperature.
- Increased vocalizations when disturbed, indicating heightened protective instincts.
- Repeated licking of the perineal area, preparing for parturition and neonatal hygiene.
At birth, maternal care commences immediately. The dam cleans each pup, initiates nursing, and maintains a consistent temperature through body heat and nest adjustments. Throughout lactation, she balances feeding bouts with brief periods of foraging to sustain milk production.
Understanding these patterns aids in optimizing laboratory housing conditions, ensuring adequate nutrition, appropriate bedding, and minimal stressors to promote healthy gestation and offspring viability.