How can I tell if a rat has an infection? - briefly
Look for lethargy, reduced food intake, eye or nasal discharge, swollen or reddened limbs, and abnormal breathing or fever. Laboratory analysis of blood or swab samples confirms infection.
How can I tell if a rat has an infection? - in detail
Rats with bacterial, viral, or fungal invasions often display distinct physical and behavioral alterations. Reduced activity, loss of appetite, and a hunched posture suggest systemic distress. Observe the fur for patches of alopecia, scabs, or a greasy sheen, which may indicate skin infection or parasitic infestation.
Key observable indicators include:
- Respiratory changes: rapid or labored breathing, nasal discharge, sneezing, or audible wheezing.
- Gastrointestinal signs: watery or bloody stools, abdominal swelling, and a noticeable odor from the cage.
- Ocular and nasal abnormalities: red, swollen eyes, or crusted nasal passages.
- Temperature elevation: normal rat body temperature ranges from 37.5 °C to 40 °C; a rectal reading above this suggests fever.
- Lymph node enlargement: palpable swelling in the cervical or submandibular regions.
Diagnostic procedures reinforce visual assessment. A thorough physical examination should be followed by:
- Temperature measurement using a calibrated rectal probe.
- Blood sampling for complete blood count and serum chemistry to detect leukocytosis, elevated acute‑phase proteins, or organ dysfunction.
- Microbial cultures taken from swabs of wounds, nasal passages, or feces to identify causative agents.
- Radiography or ultrasound to reveal internal abscesses, pneumonia, or organ enlargement.
- Fecal flotation for parasites that may secondary cause infection.
When laboratory results confirm an infectious process, initiate appropriate antimicrobial therapy based on sensitivity testing. Supportive care—fluid therapy, nutritional supplementation, and environmental sanitation—reduces morbidity. Monitor clinical progress daily; persistence of fever, worsening lesions, or declining behavior warrants re‑evaluation and possible adjustment of treatment.
Early detection hinges on vigilant observation of subtle changes in demeanor and physical condition, combined with systematic diagnostic testing to confirm and address the underlying pathogen.