A domestic rat has a cold; what should be done? - briefly
Keep the rat in a warm, draft‑free cage, maintain moderate humidity, and provide soft, easily consumable food and fresh water. If nasal discharge, loss of appetite, or lethargy persist or worsen, have the animal examined by a veterinarian.
A domestic rat has a cold; what should be done? - in detail
A pet rat showing signs of a respiratory infection—such as sneezing, nasal discharge, wheezing, or reduced activity—requires immediate attention. The following steps address the condition comprehensively.
Immediate care
- Isolate the affected animal to prevent spread to cage mates.
- Keep the enclosure in a warm, draft‑free area; maintain ambient temperature between 20‑24 °C (68‑75 °F).
- Provide a humidified environment by placing a shallow water dish near a low‑intensity humidifier or by misting the cage lightly several times a day. Moist air eases nasal congestion.
Supportive measures
- Offer fresh, high‑quality water and a diet rich in protein and vitamin C (e.g., fresh bell pepper, broccoli, or a supplement formulated for rodents). Adequate nutrition bolsters the immune response.
- Ensure bedding is clean, low‑dust, and changed daily to reduce irritants.
- Reduce stressors: limit handling, avoid loud noises, and keep lighting on a regular 12‑hour cycle.
Medical intervention
- Schedule a veterinary examination promptly. A qualified exotic‑pet veterinarian can confirm diagnosis via auscultation, radiography, or laboratory testing.
- If a bacterial infection is identified, the veterinarian may prescribe an appropriate antibiotic (commonly a fluoroquinolone or doxycycline) and a short course of a decongestant or bronchodilator.
- For viral causes, supportive care remains the primary strategy; monitor temperature and breathing rate closely.
Monitoring
- Record respiratory rate, appetite, and stool consistency twice daily.
- Look for worsening signs: labored breathing, blue‑tinged gums, or sudden lethargy. These indicate emergency care is required.
Prevention
- Maintain cage hygiene, provide regular veterinary check‑ups, and avoid exposing the rat to sudden temperature changes or drafts.
- Quarantine new rodents for at least two weeks before introducing them to the established group.
Implementing these actions promptly improves recovery chances and minimizes the risk of complications.