Why does a pet rat cough? - briefly
Coughing in a pet rat typically signals a respiratory infection, irritation from dust or allergens, or a more serious condition such as pneumonia, and it warrants veterinary evaluation.
Why does a pet rat cough? - in detail
Coughing in a domesticated rat signals irritation of the respiratory tract. Common triggers include viral infections such as Sendai virus, bacterial pathogens like Mycoplasma pulmonis, and parasitic infestations (e.g., pinworms migrating through the lungs). Environmental factors also contribute: dust from bedding, ammonia from urine, and sudden temperature changes can provoke bronchial irritation.
Typical clinical signs
- Dry, hacking sound during inspiration or expiration
- Nasal discharge, sometimes watery or purulent
- Reduced activity, loss of appetite, weight loss
- Labored breathing, visible chest movement
Diagnostic approach
- Observe pattern and frequency of the cough; persistent or worsening episodes warrant veterinary evaluation.
- Perform physical examination, focusing on auscultation of lung sounds.
- Collect nasal or oropharyngeal swabs for PCR or culture to identify viral or bacterial agents.
- Conduct fecal analysis to detect parasitic eggs.
- Radiographs may reveal lung consolidation or airway obstruction.
Treatment options
- Antiviral therapy is rarely required; supportive care includes humidified chambers and stress reduction.
- Antibiotics such as doxycycline target Mycoplasma infections; dosage must follow veterinary prescription.
- Antiparasitic agents (e.g., fenbendazole) eliminate pinworm involvement.
- Anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g., meloxicam) reduce airway swelling, administered under professional guidance.
Preventive measures
- Use low‑dust bedding (paper or aspen) and change it regularly.
- Keep enclosure well‑ventilated, maintain temperature between 68–74 °F, and avoid drafts.
- Clean cage daily to limit ammonia buildup; replace litter weekly.
- Quarantine new rats for at least two weeks before introduction to an established colony.
- Schedule routine health checks with a small‑animal veterinarian.
If coughing persists beyond a few days, intensifies, or is accompanied by severe respiratory distress, immediate veterinary intervention is essential to prevent irreversible lung damage.